从传统农业到数字农业:演进逻辑与实现路径

From Traditional Agriculture to Digital Agriculture:Evolution Logic and Implementation Paths

传统农业是生产要素长期没有发展、要素投资回报率低下、高度自给自足的小农经济。改造传统农业的关键是向传统农业引进新质生产要素。工业生产要素的注入带来了显著的农业产出增长,并将自然经济状态的传统农业改造成为商业化、市场化、社会化的农业,却也带来了农民面向消费者、面向市场、面向社会时的一系列问题,包括农民生产决策盲目问题、农业生产管理粗略问题、农民对接消费者困难问题、农业公共服务供给不足问题。数字化承接工业化推动农业再改造,通过赋能农民生产科学决策、农业生产精准管理、直通直达消费者、农业公共服务集成供给,弥补了工业化改造传统农业的局限性。实现农业数字化改造须同时从供给端和需求端采取措施为引进数字生产要素创造条件,既要建立适于农业数字化改造的制度体系,又要重点对数字基建、数字创新和农民数字人力资本进行公共投资。

Traditional agriculture is a small peasant economy with no development of production factors for a long time,low return on factor investment,and high self-sufficiency.The key to the transformation of traditional agriculture is to introduce new quality production factors.The injection of industrial production factors has brought about a significant increase in agricultural output,and transformed the traditional agriculture in the natural economic state into a commercial,market-oriented and socialized agriculture.However,it has also brought about problems when farmers face consumers,markets and society.The problems include blind decision-making of farmers,rough management of agricultural production,difficulties in connecting farmers with consumers,and insufficient supply of agricultural public services.Digitalization promotes the re-transformation of traditional agriculture,and makes up for the limitations of industrial transformation of traditional agriculture by enabling farmers to make scientific decisions in production,precise management of agricultural production,direct access to consumers,and integrated supply of agricultural public services.To realize the digital transformation of traditional agriculture,measures should be taken from both the supply and demand side to create conditions for the introduction of digital production factors.It is necessary not only to establish an institutional system suitable for the digital transformation of traditional agriculture,but also to focus on public investment in digital infrastructure,digital innovation and digital human capital of farmers.