动物品种间免疫球蛋白基因表达谱及其多样性形成机制研究进展

Advance in Immunoglobulin Gene Expression Profiles and Diversity Formation Mechanisms among Animal Breeds

免疫球蛋白(immunoglobulins,Igs)是存在于人和动物血清、组织液及其他外分泌液中的一类具有抗体性质的球蛋白,是构成免疫防御的重要组成部分。研究普遍认为免疫球蛋白基因在物种进化中相对保守,但近几年的研究发现,Ig基因多样化的特征在同一物种不同品种以及生物体不同发育水平中存在差异。IgV基因的种系变异可能具有功能效应,故不同动物品种Ig基因的内在多态性以及多样化表达机制在一定程度上也影响着机体的抗病能力。论文综述了目前已知的同一物种不同品种的免疫球蛋白重链和轻链可变区基因及其多样化表达机制的差异,以期为相关动物的抗病育种和免疫学研究提供参考依据。

Immunoglobulins(Igs)are a group of globulins with antibody properties,which are usually found in human and animal sera,tissue fluids and other exocrine fluids.Ig is also an important component of the immune defense.It is generally believed that immunoglobulin genes are relatively conserved in species evolution.However,studies in recent years have revealed that the diverse character of Ig genes varies among different species of the same species and among different developmental periods of the organisms.Germline variation in Ig V genes may have functional effects,based on which the intrinsic polymorphisms of Ig genes in different animal breeds as well as the diverse mechanisms of expression also influence,to a certain extent,the resistance of the organism to disease.The paper reviews the differences of immunoglobulin heavy chain and light chain variable region genes and their diversified expression mechanisms in different varieties of the same species,in order to provide reference for disease resistance breeding and immunological research of related animals.