从文本细读之桥走上现代批评之路

Cross the Bridge from Textual Close Reading to the Path of Modern Criticism Duan Chongxuan

“细读”批评,包含文本理论、文学文本等概念,是一个浅显易懂的词语,但在文学和批评领域,却有着非同一般的分量与意义。它的本义是指把作品视为文学的“中心”和本体,鉴赏、批评要用精细、深入的方法去解析、评判。新时期以来40余年中,西方的种种文学批评思潮与流派,在中国潮起潮落、“合纵连横”,但其中有一条不断的“脉络”,就是细读批评。它不是思潮、流派,只是一种批评方法、策略,也是一种“执念”、精神。一部分批评家,几十年来用细读方法解读、批评作家作品,使批评方法发生了质的变化,不断提升文学批评的水平。当下的文学批评,正处在过渡期、转型期,传统的观念性、社会性批评依然占据着主导位置。文学批评要实现现代转型,通过细读批评这座“桥”,就有可能走上现代批评之“路”。细读批评蕴含着精彩的“风景”,隐藏着奇妙的路径。

“Close reading”criticism,encompassing concepts such as textual theory and literary texts,is a term that is simple and easy to understand,yet it carries extraordinary weight and significance in the fields of literature and criticism.Its original meaning is to regard the work as the“center”and noumenon of literature.Over the past four decades of the new era,various Western literary critical trends and schools have come and gone in China,but one continuous“vein”has been close reading criticism.It is neither a trend nor a school of thought,but rather a method and strategy of criticism,as well as an“ob-session”and spirit.Some critics have used the method of close reading to interpret and critique authors'works for decades.Contemporary literary criticism is in a period of transition and transformation,with traditional conceptual and social criticism still occupying a dominant position.To achieve a modern transformation of literary criticism,it is possible to embark on the“path”of modern criticism from the“bridge”of close reading criticism.Close reading criticism both contains a.wonderful"landscape"and conceals marvelous paths.