文本细读实践起源与范式演进

Origins and Paradigm Evolution of Textual Close Reading Practices

文本细读是从文本微小单元里生产意义的阅读实践,细读作为现代阐释活动的动力来源,在初创期所传达的唯物主义美学立场是现代文学批评立论的根基。从文学批评的整体格局来看,现代的细读观念肇端于瑞恰慈,鼎盛于新批评,衰落于文化研究,复兴于后理论,前后历时百余年。在这一进程中呈现为四种主导类型:作为阅读工具进行审美教育的“目的式”细读;作为研究方法进行审美判断的“封闭式”细读;作为诊断工具分析历史文化的“症候式”细读;作为互动机制进行情感沟通的“沉浸式”细读。对“细读”范式的分类考察打破了以新批评为代表的经典细读理论设置的审美等级制,延伸至文本与生活世界的边界,从方法论创新到社会行动,不同细读范式的内在融通问题依旧悬而未决,中国传统具身感知的思维方式和“以诗评诗”的细读传统亦可提供参考,文学理论研究有望在“诗文评”传统的现代转化中建构新的理论系统。

Close reading,as a practice of meaning production from the minute units of text,serves as the driving force of modern interpretive activities.Its initial conveyance of a materialist aesthetic stance laid the foundation for modern literary criticism.F rom the perspective of the overall pat-tern of modern literary criticism,the modern concept of close reading originated with I.A.Rich-ards,flourished with New Criticism,declined with cultural studies,and was revived with post-theory.Throughout a century of history,textual close reading has manifested in four dominant types:“purposeful”close reading as a tool for aesthetic education;"closed"close reading as a re-search method for aesthetic judgment;"symptomatic"close reading as a diagnostic tool for analy-zing history and culture;and“immersive”close reading as an interactive mechanism for emotional communication.F rom met hodological innovation to social action,the problem of in-ternal integration among different close reading paradigms remains unresolved.The embodied perception of traditional Chinese thought and the close reading tradition of"using poetry to cri-tique poetry"may offer insights into this problem,with Chinese and Western literary theories poised to converge and intersect in the modern invention of the“shiwenping”tradition.