大棚番茄秸秆还田减施化肥对黄瓜产量、品质及养分吸收的影响

Effects of Returning Tomato Straw in Greenhouse and Reducing Fertilizer Application on Yield,Quality and Nutrient Absorption of Cucumber

以黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)为试材,在大棚番茄秋茬拉秧后,设置秸秆不还田追肥1次(CK1)和追肥2次(CK2),秸秆还田追肥1次(T1)和追肥2次(T2)4个处理,研究其对第2年春茬黄瓜产量、品质及养分吸收的影响,以期为设施蔬菜栽培管理提供参考依据。结果表明:与不还田处理相比,大棚番茄秸秆还田处理的黄瓜产量显著提高,其中秸秆还田追肥2次显著高于追肥1次处理。番茄秸秆还田追肥1次和追肥2次的黄瓜品质无显著差异,但均显著高于秸秆不还田处理。并在定植后50 d时秸秆还田显著提高植株对氮和磷的吸收,70 d时增加钾的吸收;50 d和70 d时均显著增加微量元素硅的吸收;30 d和70 d时均提高了土壤pH,50 d均显著降低了土壤EC值,70 d时秸秆还田追肥1次处理的EC值显著低于不还田处理。秸秆还田追肥1次处理的容重显著降低,孔隙度显著上升。综合秸秆还田减施追肥1次处理的黄瓜产量、品质及养分吸收的结果表明,大棚番茄秸秆还田减施1次追肥是可行的。

Cucumis sativus L.was used as the test material.After pulling tomato seedlings in autumn in the greenhouse,four treatments were carried out,non-returning straw and topdressing once and twice(CK1,CK2),returning straw and topdressing once and twice(T1,T2).The effects of returning straw and reducing fertilizer on yield,quality and nutrient uptake in the second spring crop cucumber were studied,in order to provide reference for the cultivation and management of greenhouse vegetables.The results showed that compared with the non-returning treatment,the yield of returning tomato straw treatment was significantly increased.Among them,the yield of returning straw and topdressing once treatment was significantly higher than that of non-returning treatment,and the yield of returning straw and topdressing twice treatment was significantly higher than that of topdressing once treatment.The quality of returning tomato straw treatment showed no significant difference between the topdressing once and twice treatments,but both treatments were significantly higher than those non-returning straw.After 50 days of planting,returning straw significantly improved the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by plants,and increased potassium absorption by 70 days.At 50 days and 70 days,the absorption of trace element silicon was significantly increased.At 30 days and 70 days,the soil pH was increased,and at 50 days the soil EC value was significantly reduced.At 70 days,the EC value of returning straw and topdressing once treatment was significantly lower than that of non-returning treatment.The bulk density was significantly decreased and the porosity was significantly increased in returning straw and topdressing once.Therefore,we concluded that returning straw and topdressing once is feasible in application.