长三角城市快递物流联系网络及空间平衡格局研究

Urban express logistics connection network and spatial balance pattern in the Yangtze River Delta

伴随着全球化和信息化的加速发展,快递物流联系网络已经成为城市网络的重要组成部分。论文基于不同月份(6、8、11月)的城市快递物流数据,运用PageRank算法、节点对称性、链接对称性、QAP分析法等方法,从城市联系、城市节点的层级差异特征、空间平衡格局,城市联系网络的影响因素方面对长三角城市快递物流联系网络进行了探究,得出以下结论:①长三角城市快递物流联系网络的时空差异特征明显,其在空间分布上具有层级性,呈现以苏州—上海、上海—苏州、杭州—上海、上海—杭州、金华—杭州、金华—上海等城市联系为核心的“核心—边缘”格局;在时间分布上具有波动性,11月的城市联系强度大于6月与8月。②根据三个时段的城市节点PageRank平均值大小,长三角城市可划分为三个层级,以上海为中心的包含杭州、苏州、南京、合肥、金华、宁波等城市在内的第一层级城市在空间上呈“弓”字形分布。③从城市节点空间平衡格局来看,长三角城市节点平衡类型以流入型为主,三个时段中流入型城市占比均超过60%。④从城市链接空间平衡格局来看,不同平衡等级下城市链接的空间分布情况存在一定差异。在一级平衡的城市链接中,区域南北方向间的平衡程度大于东西方向间的平衡程度;在五级平衡的城市链接中,区域中形成了以金华为主的快递物流辐射中心。⑤根据QAP分析结果,年末常住人口、第三产业增加值、城镇常住居民人均可支配收入对城市快递物流联系具有正向影响。研究可为有向加权的城市网络研究及长三角快递物流一体化发展提供参考依据。

With the accelerated development of globalization and informatization,express logistics connection network has become an important part of the urban network.Based on the urban express logistics data of different months(June,August and November),this study used PageRank algorithm,node symmetry,link symmetry,and Quadratic Assignment Procedure(QAP)analysis to explore the urban express logistics connection network in the Yangtze River Delta from the aspects of hierarchical characteristics of urban connection and urban nodes,spatial balance pattern,and influencing factors of urban connection network,and drew the following conclusions:1)The spatiotemporal difference of the urban express logistics connection network in the Yangtze River Delta is obvious,and the spatial distribution is hierarchical,showing a coreperiphery pattern with Suzhou-Shanghai,Shanghai-Suzhou,Hangzhou-Shanghai,Shanghai-Hangzhou,JinhuaHangzhou,and Jinhua-Shanghai and other urban connections as the core;Temporally,the intensity of urban connection in November is stronger than that in June and August.2)According to the average PageRank values of city nodes in the three periods,the cities in the Yangtze River Delta can be divided into three levels.The firsttier cities centered around Shanghai,including Hangzhou,Suzhou,Nanjing,Hefei,Jinhua,and Ningbo,are distributed in a"bow"shape in space.3)From the perspective of spatial balance pattern of urban nodes,those nodes in the Yangtze River Delta are mainly inflow type,and the proportions of inflow type cities in the three periods are more than 60%.4)From the perspective of the spatial balance pattern of urban links,there are some differences in the spatial distribution of urban links under different balance levels.In the first-level balanced urban links,the degree of regional north-south balance is greater than that of east-west balance.In the fifth-level balanced urban links,a radiating center dominated by Jinhua has formed in the region,which radiates to various cities in Zhejiang,Jiangsu,and Anhui Provinces.5)According to the results of the QAP analysis,permanent population at the end of the year,added value of the tertiary industry,and per capita disposable income of permanent urban residents have a positive impact on urban express logistics connections.This study can provide a reference for the directed and weighted urban network research and the integrated development of express logistics in the Yangtze River Delta.