和美乡村发展水平评价及其影响因素研究——以甘肃省1230个乡镇为例

Development level of beautiful and harmonious villages and its influencing factors:A case study of 1230 townships in Gansu Province

和美乡村是乡村振兴发展到新历史阶段的必然指向,明晰和美乡村发展空间分异特征及其影响因素,有助于探索乡村可持续发展新路径。论文基于和美乡村概念多角度深入解析,探究和美乡村与乡村振兴两者内在逻辑,构建“要素—过程—目标—机制”的和美乡村分析框架,以甘肃省1230个乡镇单元为研究区,从和美乡村建设内涵出发构建综合评价指标体系,分析和美乡村基础发展水平,采用参数最优地理探测器研究影响和美乡村发展的主导因素。结果表明:①2020年和美乡村发展水平相对较低,乡镇之间发展水平差距较大。不同分维度间发展水平也存在差异,其中产业发达指数最高,其次为环境优美指数,村庄富裕指数最低。另外,不同地区和美乡村发展水平也存在较大空间差异。②乡镇尺度和美乡村发展水平存在较为明显的空间集聚现象,高发展水平地区对邻近乡镇的和美乡村发展水平提升具有正向影响。和美乡村发展热点区在河西地区张掖市、酒泉市及甘南州部分县域形成集聚,冷点区主要集中分布在天水市、平凉市、定西市、白银市以及陇南市等地。③和美乡村发展水平是多因素综合作用的结果,乡村交通发展条件对提升和美乡村建设水平具有明显促进作用,乡村基础设施建设对和美乡村发展水平提升具有重要影响作用。根植于自然地理基础的经济社会条件是和美乡村发展的“驱动性重要条件”,自然地理条件约束下的交通发展条件是和美乡村发展的“导向性基础条件”。

Beautiful and harmonious villages(BHVs)are the inevitable direction of rural revitalization and development at a new development stage,and clarifying the spatial differentiation characteristics and driving factors of the development of BHVs is helpful for exploring a new route for sustainable rural development.This study analyzed the concept of BHVs in multiple dimensions,explored the internal logic of BHVs and rural revitalization,and built an analytical framework of"element-process-goal-mechanism"for BHVs.Using the 1230 township units in Gansu Province as an example,this study built a comprehensive evaluation indicator system based on the connotation of the construction of BHVs,calculated and analyzed the development level of BHVs at the township scale,and used geo-detector with optimal parameters to explore the key factors of the development of BHVs.The results show that:1)In 2020,the development level of BHVs was relatively low,and the development level gap between towns was large.There were also differences in the development level of different sub-dimensions,among which the industrial development index was the highest,followed by the beautiful environment index,and the rich village development level was the lowest.The development level of BHVs in different regions also showed large spatial differences.2)There was a relatively obvious spatial agglomeration in the development level of BHVs at the township level,and areas with higher development level had a positive impact on the improvement of the development level of BHVs in neighboring areas.The hotspot areas of BHV development were concentrated in Zhangye,Jiuquan,and some counties in Gannan,while the cold spots were concentrated in Tianshui,Pingliang,Dingxi,Baiyin,and Longnan.3)The development level of BHVs is the result of the comprehensive effect of multiple factors.The development conditions of rural transportation plays an obvious role in promoting the construction of BHVs,and the construction of rural infrastructure has an important effect on advancing the construction of BHVs.The economic and social conditions rooted in the natural geographical background are the"driving key conditions"for the development of BHVs,and the traffic location conditions constrained by the natural geographical conditions are the"guiding basic conditions"for the development of BHVs.