健身运动场所可达性及其对居民满意度影响的年龄分层研究——以北京城区为例

An age-stratified study on the accessibility to sports venues and their impact on resident satisfaction:Evidence from urban Beijing

全民健身和健康中国战略背景下,健身运动场所作为体育建成环境的空间载体,对城市居民的健康水平及民生福祉提升具有重要意义。文章结合高斯修正两步移动搜索可达性和多层线性模型等方法,探讨居民健身运动现状的年龄分层特征和商业、公共健身运动场所可达性的空间特征,进而揭示各年龄段群体居民满意度的影响差异,为健康城市规划提出相应的政策建议。研究发现:(1)老年群体几乎不运动的比例最低,具有较高的低强度和中低强度运动需求,青年群体则存在几乎不运动和中高强度运动比例均较高的两极化现象;(2)商业和公共两类健身运动场所可达性存在明显的空间分异特征,公共健身运动场所可达性较高的社区周围场所数量较少,社区与商业健身运动场所的邻近距离更低,可达性随场所数量递增;(3)健身运动场所可达性对满意度呈显著的正向促进作用,公共健身运动场所可达性的影响更高,学历、健康、婚姻状态和户籍等属性所导致的满意度降低在老年群体中更加显著;(4)两类健身运动场所可达性在青年和老年群体中重要性更高,公共健身运动场所可达性对中年群体影响较小,且商业健身运动场所可达性影响不显著。

Under the backdrop of the National Fitness and Healthy China strategy,fitness facilities,as the spatial carrier of the sports-built environment,play a significant role in enhancing the health levels and well-being of urban residents.This study used the Gaussian two-step floating catchment area(2SFCA)method and multilevel linear models to explore the age-stratified characteristics of residents'fitness habits and the spatial features of accessibility to commercial and public sports facilities.The study further revealed the differential impact of accessibility on satisfaction levels across different age groups,proposing policy recommendations for healthy urban planning.The findings indicate that:1)The elderly group has the lowest proportion of non-exercisers,exhibiting a higher demand for low intensity and moderate-low intensity physical activities,while the youth group shows a polarization with higher proportions of non-exercisers and individuals engaging in moderate-high intensity activities.2)There is a distinct spatial heterogeneity in the accessibility of the two types of facilities,with communities around those with higher public facility accessibility having fewer nearby options,and closer proximity to commercial fitness facilities,with accessibility increasing as the number of facilities grows.3)The accessibility of fitness facilities has a significant positive effect on satisfaction,with public facility accessibility having a more substantial impact,and the reduction of satisfaction caused by educational level,health status,marital status,household registration is more significant in the elderly group.4)The accessibility of both types of fitness facilities is more critical for the youth and elderly groups,with public facility accessibility having a lesser impact on the middle-aged group,and the effect of commercial fitness facility accessibility being insignificant.