基于健康影响的城市居民日常活动与活动环境特征识别

Identification of urban residents’daily activities and activity environment characteristics based on health impact

“健康中国”建设背景下,培育健康活动行为和营造健康活动环境是提升城市居民健康水平的重要内容,也是当前多学科研究热点。论文围绕健康水平、日常活动、活动环境之间实际影响关系构建理论分析框架和指标体系,并以南京为例,依托多源数据识别具有健康效应的日常活动与活动环境特征,进而提出优化策略。研究发现:(1)具有健康效应的日常活动以工作、休闲两大类型活动为主,并集中在活动频率、出行方式、出行时长等维度,以正向促进为主。日常活动的正向健康效应体现在活动机会、慢行和公共交通出行上,负向健康效应则体现在活动出行时长上。(2)具有健康效应的活动环境涉及居住地、活动地两大活动空间,主要集中在空间位置、出行环境和社会环境等维度,正向促进和负向抑制均较显著,同一活动环境因子影响更为复杂。具有正向健康效应的活动环境因子主要为居住地区位综合便利性、道路连通性、地铁出行便利性、设施环境密集性,及活动地具有在居住邻里程度的便利性、绿色空间的丰富度和经济价值上;而具有负向健康效应的活动环境因子主要为居住地地铁出行便利性,及活动地具有在居住邻里程度的便利性、区位综合便利性、步行便利性和经济价值上。(3)面向健康的城市居民日常活动与活动环境优化,可从增加日常活动健康效益获取的时空机会、充实并联通促进健康的活动环境网络方面提出优化策略。

Under the background of the construction of"Healthy China",cultivating healthy activity behaviors and creating a healthy activity environment are important aspects to improve the health level of urban residents,and are also the hotspots of current multidisciplinary research.This study constructed a theoretical analysis framework and indicator system based on the actual relationship between health level,daily activities,and activity environment.Taking Nanjing City as an example,this study identified the characteristics of daily activities and activity environment with health effects based on multi-source data,and put forward optimization strategies.The results show that:1)Daily activities with health effects are mainly work and leisure-related,and the key dimensions are activity frequency,travel mode,and travel duration.The positive health effects of daily activities are reflected in activity opportunities,non-motorized traffic,and travel with public transportation,while the negative health effects are reflected in the long duration of activity travel.2)The activity environment with health effects involves two major activity spaces:residential space and activity space,and the main dimensions are spatial location,travel environment,and social environment.Both positive promotion and negative inhibition are significant,and the impact of the same activity environment indicator is complex.The activity environment factors with positive health effects are mainly related to the comprehensive convenience of location,road connectivity,subway travel convenience,and facility environment density for residential space,and the convenience of neighborhood level,the richness of green space,and economic value for activity space.The negative health effects are mainly related to the convenience of subway travel for residential space,and convenience of neighborhood level,comprehensive convenience of location,walking convenience,and economic value for activity space.3)Based on the results,this study proposed corresponding optimization strategies in terms of increasing the space-time opportunities for daily activity health benefits,and enriching and connecting the activity environment network to promote health.