西方制造地理的研究进展与启示:缘起与主要议题

Progress and implications of research on the Western geographies of making:Origin and main topics

随着西方三次工艺复兴浪潮的兴起,以及人类世背景下面临的全球气候变化和资源短缺的现实困境,人类如何更好地利用物质以及探寻不同的制造文化引起了西方学术界的关注。作为近年来西方地理学研究备受关注的新兴领域之一,制造地理试图通过在不同尺度上关注制造者的身体和物质互动的实践,为应对当前的物质和环境危机提供方法,并希望基于一种对环境和社会经济福祉关心的方式,重新审视人类如何与物质联系、制造物品以及围绕物质建构经济和社会等基本问题。论文通过梳理西方制造地理的文献发现,相关研究主要采用自我民族志、学徒制等具身参与的研究方法,研究议题主要聚焦于制造的多重情境、制造中的身体、制造的物质、制造的实践以及制造的关系等方面。同时结合中国的实际情况探讨了需要关注的研究话题,包括手工艺人的保护与物质的可持续利用、制造实践的流动性与地方重构、工艺制造与乡村手工艺人的可持续生计、制造的日常生活实践与幸福感、友谊等方面,这些工作可以为中国传统工艺振兴计划、乡村振兴等政策的落实奠定基础,为非物质文化遗产创新性发展和创造性转化以及工艺制造过程中人地关系的协调发展等提供重要的理论指导。

With the three waves of craft renaissance in the West,as well as the problems of global climate change and resource shortages in the Anthropocene,how to make better use of materials and explore different making cultures has attracted the attention of Western academia.As one of the emerging fields in Western geographic research that has received much attention in recent years,geographies of making attempts to provide methods for addressing current material and environmental crises by focusing on the practice of body and material interactions at different scales,and hopes to reexamine how humans relate to materials,produce goods,and construct economic and social structures around materials based on a concern for environmental and socioeconomic well-being.Through a review of the literature on Western geographies of making,this study found that relevant research mainly adopts auto-ethnographic,apprenticeship,and other embodied participatory research methods,with a focus on multiple contexts of making,body in making,materials in making,practices in making,and relationships of making.It also explored research topics that need attention in China,including the protection of craftsmen and sustainable utilization of materials,the fluidity of making practices and place reconstruction,craft making and sustainable livelihoods for rural craftsmen,and the everyday practice of making and happiness and friendship.This work will lay a foundation for implementing policies such as the"Revitalization Plan for Chinese Traditional Crafts"and rural revitalization,providing important theoretical guidance for innovative development and creative transformation of intangible cultural heritage,as well as the harmonious development of human-environment relationship in the process of making.