中国资源型与非资源型城市扩张驱动机制差异

Differences in the driving mechanisms of urban spatial expansion between resource-based and non-resource-based cities in China

【目的】揭示资源型城市与非资源型城市(下文简称两类城市)扩张驱动机制的差异性,以期为两类城市差异化的用地管控政策制定提供依据。【方法】基于两类城市扩张驱动机制差异性研究框架,选取2003—2020年中国273个地级及以上城市作为研究样本,采用对比分析法、城市扩张强度指数和面板回归模型探究两类城市扩张驱动机制的差异。【结果】①2003—2020年两类城市建成区面积均呈现出扩张的趋势,资源型城市扩张平均速度慢于非资源型城市。对于资源型城市而言,处于不同发展阶段的资源型城市扩张速度呈现出“成长型资源型城市>成熟型资源型城市>再生型资源型城市>衰退型资源型城市”的态势;非金属类、有色类和油气类资源型城市扩张速度快于资源型城市的平均水平。②两类城市扩张驱动机制存在差异。人口规模、交通发展水平、科技投入力度、环境质量对资源型城市扩张驱动作用更强;经济发展水平、产业结构状况和资源禀赋对非资源型城市扩张驱动作用更强。③不同发展阶段的资源型城市扩张驱动机制存在差异。交通发展水平和科技投入力度对成长型城市驱动作用更强;经济发展水平对成熟型城市驱动作用更强;环境质量对衰退型和再生型城市驱动作用更强。【结论】中国资源型城市扩张平均速度低于非资源型城市。人口规模、交通发展水平、科技投入力度、环境质量、经济发展水平、产业结构状况和资源禀赋等核心驱动因素对于两类城市及不同发展阶段资源型城市扩张的驱动作用存在显著差异。

[Objective]The aim of this study was to reveal the differences in the driving mechanisms of land expansion between resource-based cities and non-resource-based cities,which could provid references for the formulation of land use policies for the two types of cities.[Methods]Based on a research framework for the differences in driving mechanisms of land expansion in these two types of cities,273 prefecture-level and above cities were selected as research samples,with data from 2003 to 2020.Comparative analysis,urban expansion intensity index,and panel regression model were used to explore the differences in the spatial expansion driving mechanisms of these cities.[Results]The results show that:(1)From 2003 to 2020,the built-up area of both types of cities showed a trend of expansion,and the average expansion speed of resource-based cities was lower than that of non-resource-based cities.From the perspective of development stage,the expansion speed of resource-based cities showed a trend of growth>mature>regenerative>exhausted type;From the perspective of resource endowment types,the expansion speed of non-metallic,nonferrous,and oil and gas cities was faster than the average level of resource-based cities.(2)There are differences in the driving mechanisms of spatial expansion between the two types of cities.The population size,transportation development level,investment in science and technology,and environmental quality have a stronger driving effect on the spatial expansion of resource-based cities;The level of economic development,industrial structure,and resource endowment have a stronger driving effect on the spatial expansion of non-resource-based cities.(3)There are differences in the driving mechanisms of spatial expansion in resource-based cities at different stages of development.The level of transportation development and investment in technology have a stronger driving effect on growth-oriented cities;The level of economic development has a stronger driving effect on mature cities;The driving force of environmental quality on declining and regenerative cities is stronger.[Conclusion]The average expansion speed of resource-based cities in China is slower than that of non-resource-based cities;The population size,transportation development level,investment in science and technology,and environmental quality,the level of economic development,industrial structure,and resource endowment are primary factors driving the spatial expansion of cities.Different driving mechanisms are identified for the expansion of the two types of cities and among different types of resource-based cities.