工作场所噪声职业接触限值制定的研究进展

Research progress in developing noise OELs

目的回顾国内外工作场所噪声职业接触限值研究进展,为进一步修订我国工作场所噪声职业接触限值标准和完善噪声性听力损失的防控提供科学依据。方法本研究检索并比较分析36个国家规定的噪声职业接触限值以及峰度对修订噪声职业接触限值标准作用相关中英文文献。结果各国采用噪声能量指标制定了不同噪声类型的噪声职业接触限值,均未考虑噪声时域结构特征。此外,许多欧美国家要求,除了考虑噪声职业接触限值,在应用噪声职业接触限值时还需要考虑噪声与耳毒性物质等有害因素的联合暴露、高危人群易感性、护听器等因素;国内外学者建议,噪声峰度作为听力损失的危险因素之一,应被纳入噪声职业接触限值标准。结论我国工作场所噪声标准亟待完善,应进一步丰富工作场所噪声职业接触限值指标,综合考虑噪声峰度、护听器佩戴、有害因素与噪声的联合暴露、个体易感性等影响因素。

Objective To review the current status of occupational exposure limits(OELs)for occupational noise in China and abroad,providing a scientific basis for the further revision of China's noise OELs standards and prevention of noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL).Methods The standards and regulations for noise OELs from 36 countries and literature in English and Chinese on the role of kurtosis in revising noise OELs standards were searched and comparatively analyzed.Results The results show that noise OELs were developed in each country mainly based on different types of noise without considering the characteristics of noise temporal structure.In addition,many countries in Europe and America required that,except the OELs,increased risk of hearing loss due to harmful factors(e.g.,ototoxic substances),the susceptibility of high-risk groups,and noise attenuation of hearing protectors needed to be considered in the application of noise OELs;scholars at home and abroad suggested that noise kurtosis should be included in the noise OEL standards,as it was one of the risk factors for hearing loss.Conclusion China's noise OELs standards at workplaces need to be improved.Noise OELs parameters should be enriched further.A comprehensive consideration of wearing hearing protectors,co-exposure to harmful factors and noise in the workplace,and individual susceptibility should be conducted.