云南昭通赭室喀木虱发生为害规律初探

Study on the occurrence and damage of Cacopsylla fuscicella in Zhaotong,Yunnan

为摸清赭室喀木虱在云南昭通枇杷上的发生规律,于2021年12月至2023年4月通过在枇杷产区设立固定监测点,结合大面积果园实地观察和调查,描述了赭室喀木虱成虫、各龄若虫及卵等形态特征,并总结了其生活习性、为害特点、与枇杷生育期关系、越冬特点等。初步观察表明,赭室喀木虱成虫具跳跃性和短距离迁飞性,在枇杷嫩叶、成熟叶片背面吸取汁液;卵大多产于枇杷嫩梢、花穗、幼果、芽鳞、芽缝和嫩叶;若虫躲藏在嫩梢、芽基、叶柄、花穗等部位取食,影响花芽、新梢及幼果生长。赭室喀木虱在昭通市1年发生5~7代,在2—6月和8—11月各有1个发生高峰,其发生为害与枇杷生育期紧密相关;温度11~26℃、相对湿度55%~100%是赭室喀木虱生长发育的适宜温湿度条件。卵、若虫和成虫均可在当地越冬。研究结果可为昭通和其他地区做好该虫的综合防控提供参考。

The objective of this study was to determine the pattern of Cacopsylla fuscicella occurrence on loquat in Zhaotong,Yunnan Province.To this end,fixed monitoring sites were wstablished in loquat-producing areas from December 2021 to April 2023.In addition to field observation and investigation in large orchards,the morphological characteristics of C.fuscicella adults,nymphs of each instar,and eggs were described,and the living habits,damage characteristics,relationship with growth period and overwintering characteristics of loquat were summarized.The preliminary observations indicated that adult C.fuscicella had hopping and short-distance migration,and sucked sap from the back of young and mature leaves of loquat.The eggs were mostly produced in the tender tips,flower ears,young fruits,bud scales,bud seams and young leaves of loquat.The nymphs concealed themselves in the tender shoots,bud bases,petioles,flower spikes,and other parts to feed,thereby negatively affecting the growth of flower buds,new shoots and young fruits.In Zhaotong City,C.fuscicella was observed to occurr in 5~7 generations per year,with a primary peak in February to June and a secondary peak in August to November.The damage caused by this pest was found to be closely related to the growth stage of loquat.Temperature of 11~26℃ and relative humidity of 55%~100% were found to be the suitable conditions for the growth and development of C.fuscicella.The eggs,nymphs,and adults could overwinter locally.The results could provide a reference for the comprehensive prevention and control of the pest in Zhaotong and other areas.