公安机关处置刑事涉案虚拟货币的困境与破局

The Dilemma and Destruction of the Public Security Organs in Dealing with the Virtual Currency Involved in Criminal Cases

如何处置刑事涉案虚拟货币是公安机关在侦查活动中亟待解决的现实问题。当前,公安机关处置刑事涉案虚拟货币的实践可以总结为“公安机关为处置主体”和“犯罪嫌疑人为处置主体”两种模式,在处置过程中面临制度层面的正当性不足及实践层面的主体性风险双重困境。合法合理处置刑事涉案虚拟货币关系到各方主体的切身利益。公安机关应在主观理念层面遵循有法可依、保障公民财产权、尊重虚拟货币性质特殊的处置思路,坚持适当公开原则和及时性原则;在客观操作层面,需要明确虚拟货币的财物属性、赋予处置的正当性、规范扣押和保管环节、设置资质条件和费用标准及监督处置的全过程,以此统一和规范虚拟货币处置。

How to deal with the virtual currency involved in criminal cases is a practical challenge that must be solved by the public security organs during the investigations.Currently,the practice of public security organs in handling virtual currency involved in criminal cases can be summarized into two modes:"public security organs are the subject of disposal"and"criminal suspects are the subject of disposal".In the process of disposal,they are faced with the dual dilemma of insufficient legitimacy at the institutional level and the subjective risk at the practical level.The legal and reasonable disposal of criminal involved virtual currency is related to the vital interests of all parties.At the subjective level,the public security organs should adhere to the principles of following the property rights of the citizens and respecting the nature of the appropriate disclosure and timeliness;at the objective operation level,it is necessary to clarify the financial properties of the virtual currency,standardize the seizure and custody process,set qualification conditions and supervise the entire process to unify and regulate the disposal of virtual currency.