深空探测任务辐射生物效应及防护的研究与展望

Research and prospects of radiation biological effects and protection in deep space exploration missions

目的综述空间辐射生物效应及生物防护技术,为深空探测任务辐射防护的深入研究提供线索。资料来源与选择国内外该领域的相关文献。资料引用国内外公开发表的相关文献39篇。资料综合空间辐射是深空探测任务中影响航天员健康和任务完成最重要的环境有害因素,可致全身多组织器官癌症,心血管、中枢神经系统和眼晶状体等的退行性疾病以及骨髓、脑和胃肠道的急性辐射综合征等。效应机制包括自由基产生、氧化应激、DNA等生物大分子断裂、炎症、细胞凋亡及旁效应等。可根据空间辐射效应发展不同阶段的机制特点进行生物防护。结论深空辐射可致癌症、退行性变和急性辐射综合征等健康风险,主要从减少自由基、促进DNA修复及抑制细胞凋亡等方面对其进行防护和减缓。

Objective To provide clues for in-depth research on radiation protection in deep space exploration missions by reviewing the biological effects of space radiation and biological protection technologies.Literature resource and selection Domestic and abroad relevant literatures were searched and reviewed.Literature quotation Thirty-nine papers published in China and abroad were cited.Literature synthesis Space radiation is the most important environmental harmful factor that affects the health and mission completion of astronauts in deep space exploration missions.It can cause multiple organ cancers throughout the body,degenerative diseases of cardiovascular,central nervous systems,and ocular lens,and acute radiation syndrome of the bone marrow,brain,and gastrointestinal tracts.The effect mechanisms include free radical production,oxidative stress,DNA and other biomolecular breaks,inflammation,cell apoptosis,and bystander effects.Biological protection can be carried out according to the characteristics of the mechanism at different stages of the development of space radiation effects.Conclusions Deep space radiation can cause health risks such as cancer,degeneration,and acute radiation syndrome,which can be mainly protected and alleviated by reducing free radicals,promoting DNA repair,and inhibiting cell apoptosis.