食源性致病菌感染体内外肠道模型研究进展

In vivo and in vitro intestinal models involved in foodborne pathogens

体内外肠道模型是研究食源性致病菌的重要科学工具之一,已被广泛应用于食源性致病菌感染的致病机理、基因表型、耐受性、免疫反应和疫苗开发等研究领域。目前,国内外对食源性致病菌肠道模型的研究已有诸多进展,但缺乏较为系统的总结。本文对近年来研究食源性致病菌的体内外肠道模型进行了系统阐述。分别归纳了啮齿类、非人灵长类和其他一些动物模型在食源性致病菌研究中的应用进展,并系统阐述了细胞模型、肠道类器官等体外模型的研究进展及其应用价值和前景,最后分析和讨论了不同肠道模型在食源性致病菌研究中的优劣势。体内动物模型可全面评价食源性致病菌的宏观感染进程以及宿主免疫反应,但由于物种差异,结果不能完全适用于人类;体外三维细胞模型,尤其是肠道类器官和器官芯片,采用人体细胞,不存在种源差异,在研究食源性致病菌微观层面上的致病机制、细胞和组织趋向性方面潜力巨大。本文的进展研究,将为研究食源性致病菌提供科学依据和参考。

In vitro and in vivo intestinal models are an important tool for studying foodborne pathogenic bacteria.These models have been widely used to study the pathogenesis gene-to-phenotype,tolerance,immune responses,and vaccine development of foodborne pathogens.Although there have been numerous advancements in the study of intestinal models of foodborne pathogens both domestically and internationally,there is a lack of systematic summary.This review summarizes the application of in vitro and in vivo models in studies on foodborne pathogens,including rodent model,nonhuman primate model,cellular models,human intestinal organoids,and other in vitro and in vivo models.Additionally,it provides a detailed description of the strengths and weaknesses of all these models.Animal models can comprehensive review the progression of foodborne disease infections and the host immune response,but the results cannot be fully applied to humans due to species differences in physiology and pathology.Three dimensional in vitro cell culture models,especially organoids and organs-on-chips,using human cells have huge potential for studying the virulence mechanisms of foodborne pathogens at micro-level and the cell and tissue tropism of foodborne pathogens.The development of this review can serve as a scientific basis and useful reference for studying foodborne pathogens.