不同施肥水平对三年生黄芩产量和品质的影响及肥料效应研究

Effects of Different Fertilization Levels on Yield and Quality of 3-Year-Old Scutellaria baicalensis and Its Fertilizer Effect Study

为明确氮、磷、钾肥配施对三年生黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.)产量和品质的影响以及获得高产优质的推荐肥料量,本研究采用“3414”施肥方案进行田间小区试验,测定收获期黄芩的产量、黄芩苷和黄芩素含量并计算经济效益,建立氮磷钾肥施用量与黄芩产量、有效成分含量和经济效益的效应函数模型,并通过解析模型得到高产优质的施肥量。结果表明,氮磷钾肥配施可有效提高黄芩的产量和经济效益,且能不同程度提高黄芩有效成分的含量,以N 120 kg·hm^(-2)、P2O575 kg·hm^(-2)、K_(2)O 105 kg·hm^(-2)施肥处理效果最佳。产量和经济效益的效应函数表明,氮、磷、钾肥对黄芩产量和经济效益的影响均表现为氮>钾>磷;当氮磷钾肥施用量分别为125.93~137.32、85.85~95.10和118.20~131.46 kg·hm^(-2)时,黄芩的产量和经济效益最高。将上述获得高产和高经济效益的施肥量应用在黄芩苷和黄芩素的效应函数中,得出高产和高经济效益施肥量下的黄芩苷含量为17.36%~17.70%,黄芩素含量为1.43%~1.55%;与单因素效应函数推荐的最大值相比,黄芩苷和黄芩素含量仅降低0.01~0.49和0.03~0.14个百分点。因此,实现黄芩高产优质栽培的氮、磷、钾肥施用量分别为N 125.93~137.32 kg·hm^(-2)、P2O585.85~95.10 kg·hm^(-2)、K_(2)O 118.20~131.46 kg·hm^(-2)。本研究结果可为黄芩的科学施肥提供理论依据。

Precise fertilizer application is essential to achieve high yield and quality in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.In this study,a field experiment using‘3414’fertilizer scheme was conducted to clarify the effects of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)fertilizer on the yield and quality and the recommended fertilizer rate of 3-year-old Scutellaria baicalensis Yield,baicalin and baicalein content of Scutellaria baicalensis were measured and economic benefits were calculated during the harvesting.Based on this,an effect functional model was established,integrating N-P-K fertilizers application rate with yield,active ingredients,and economic benefits,to determine the optimal fertilizer levels for high yield and quality of Scutellaria baicalensis.Results showed that the combination of N-P-K could increase the yield,economic benefit,and active ingredients to different degrees,the fertilization treatment N 120 kg·hm^(−2),P2O575 kg·hm^(−2),K_(2)O 105 kg·hm^(−2)had the best effect.The effect function analysis between yield and economic benefits showed that the impact of fertilizers on the yield and economic benefits of Scutellaria baicalensis followed the order:N>K>P.The highest yield and economic benefits were achieved with N,P,and K fertilizer application rates of 125.93-137.32,85.85-95.10,and 118.20-131.46 kg·hm^(−2),respectively.Applying the effect function of baicalin and baicalein content to the fertilizing rates with the highest yield and economic benefits revealed that baicalin and baicalein contents ranged 17.36%-17.70%and 1.43%-1.55%,respectively,at the recommended N,P,and K rates.The baicalin and baicalein contents were only reduced by 0.01-0.49 and 0.03-0.14 percentage points,respectively,compared to the maximum values recommended by the single-factor effect function.Therefore,the application rates of N,P and K fertilizers for achieve high yield and quality cultivation of Scutellaria baicalensis were N 125.93-137.32 kg·hm^(−2),P2O585.85-95.10 kg·hm^(−2),and K_(2)O 118.20-131.46 kg·hm^(−2),respectively.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis to the scientific fertilization of Scutellaria baicalensis.