生长调节剂对大豆-玉米间作模式中玉米产量和抗倒性的影响

Effect of Growth Regulators on Maize Yield and Lodging Resistance in Soybean-Maize Intercropping System

为解决江苏沿江地区玉米大豆带状复合种植模式下玉米易倒伏的问题,2022—2023年在江苏省如皋市薛窑基地,以普通玉米品种江玉877和大豆品种通豆13为材料,采用玉米大豆“2+4”的间作模式,以喷施清水为对照,分别在苗期和第7叶展开期喷施不同植物生长调节剂(单独喷施多效唑、烯效唑、玉必施,三种调节剂和芸苔素内酯联合喷施),研究其对大豆玉米带状复合种植条件下玉米茎秆强度、倒伏率、根系活力和产量等的影响,探索有利于增强玉米抗倒伏性能的调节剂配施方案。结果表明,第7叶展开期喷施玉必施加芸苔素内酯处理(V7-R6)对大豆-玉米间作模式下玉米抗倒性能提升效果最好。与喷施清水处理相比,V7-R6处理下玉米成熟期的茎秆抗折力(SBR)、成熟期根系活力和茎粗分别增加55.0%、19.9%和14.3%;从而使得根倒率和总倒伏率分别降低8.2和8.9个百分点,株高和穗位高分别降低11.3%和8.6%。同时,V7-R6处理下玉米产量提升幅度最大,较喷施清水处理提高28.4%(均为两年平均值)。综上,在复合种植条件下的玉米生长过程中,于第7叶展开期喷施玉必施加芸苔素内酯处理能获得较好的抗倒性能和较高的产量,可在大田生产中进一步推广。本研究结果为生产调节剂在大豆-玉米带状复合种植中的应用提供了重要的参考依据。

To address the issue of maize lodging in the strip intercropping system of maize and soybean in the riverine areas of Jiangsu Province,an experiment was conducted in Xueyao Base,Rugao City,Jiangsu Province from 2022 to 2023.Using the common maize variety Jiangyu 877 and soybean variety Tongdou 13 as materials,the‘2+4’intercropping system of maize and soybean was adopted.Taking water spraying as the control,different plant growth regulators(single spraying of paclobutrazol,uniconazole,and Yubishi,as well as combined spraying of brassinolide)were sprayed at the seedling stage and the seventh leaf expansion stage to investigate their effects on stem strength,lodging rate,root activity,and yield of maize under the strip intercropping system.The goal of the study was to investigate the optimal schemes of regulators to enhance the lodging resistance of maize.The results showed that spraying Yubishi combined with brassinolide(V7-R6)at the seventh leaf expansion stage had the best effect on improving maize lodging resistance in the soybean-maize intercropping system.Compared with water spraying,the stem breaking resistance(SBR),root activity,and stem diameter of maize at maturity under V7-R6 were increased by 55.0%,19.9%,and 14.3%,respectively,resulting a reduction in the rates of root inversion and total lodging by 8.2 and 8.9 percentage points,respectively.In addition,plant height,and ear height were decreased by 11.3%,and 8.6%,respectively.Meanwhile,compared to water spraying,the yield of maize under V7-R6 had the largest increase,which up to 28.4%(the values both were averages of two years).In summary,spraying Yubishi combined with brassinolide at the seventh leaf expansion stage of maize in the intercropping system could achieve better lodging resistance and higher yield,this method could be further promoted in field production.This study provides important reference for the application of production regulators in the strip intercropping system of soybean and maize.