山东省临清地区1152例过敏性疾病患者变应原检测结果分析

Analysis on detection results of allergens in 1152 patients with allergic diseases in Linqing area,Shandong Province

目的 通过对山东省临清地区的过敏性疾病患者进行变态反应原分析,提供一定的理论思路以及对该地区过敏性疾病的预防、诊断和治疗的参考依据。方法 对临清市人民医院于2018年1月1日—2023年1月31日接诊的1 152例过敏性疾病患者进行吸入性变应原特异性抗体免疫球蛋白E(IgE)检测和食入性变应原检测。其中,吸入性变应原即致敏原包括树木与花粉的结合、屋面灰尘、家庭尘螨/尘螨、动物皮屑和霉菌等;食入变应原包括蛋类、牛奶类、坚果类、水果类、海产品类等,并统计分析其阳性率。结果1 152例患者变应原总阳性率为33.51%(386/1 152),吸入性变应原阳性率显著高于食入性变应原,差异具有统计学意义[23.44%(270/1 152)比10.07%(116/1 152),P <0.05]。其中吸入性变应原中阳性率较高的为树木花粉(9.90%)、户尘螨/粉尘螨(5.64%)、屋尘(3.21%)、动物皮屑(1.74%)、霉菌(1.65%);食入性变应原中阳性率较高的为牛奶(2.52%)、蛋(2.17%)、水果组合(1.56%)、坚果组合(1.30%)、海鲜组合(1.04%)。男性患者的变应原阳性检出率显著低于女性患者,差异有统计学意义(29.45%比38.49%,P <0.05);成年患者组(≥18岁)的阳性率显著高于未成年患者组(<18岁),差异有统计学意义(33.66%比32.89%,P <0.05);夏季变应原阳性率显著高于春季、秋季、冬季(56.27%比16.20%、39.80%、4.55%,均P <0.05)。结论 山东省临清地区过敏性疾病的主要变应原是树木花粉、户尘螨/粉尘螨、动物皮屑、霉类,且检测结果与年龄、机体免疫功能、季节、环境等因素有一定的关系。

Objective To analyze the common allergens and their distribution in patients with allergic diseases in Linqing area,Shandong Province,and to provide reference for clinical treatment.Methods Specific immunoglobin E(IgE)detection method was used to detect allergens in 1152 patients with allergic diseases admitted to Linqing People's Hospital from January 1,2018 to January 31,2023,including inhalation allergens such as tree pollen combinations,dust mites/dust mites,house dust,animal dander and mold groups,as well as ingested allergens such as milk,egg white/egg yolk,fruit combinations,nut combinations and seafood combinations.SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis of positive rates.Results The total positive rate of 1152 patients was 33.51%(386/1152),among which the positive rate of inhaled allergens was 23.44%(270/1152),significantly higher than that of ingested allergens[10.07%(116/1152)],and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Inhalation allergens mainly included tree pollen combination(9.90%),household dust mite/dust mite(5.64%),house dust(3.21%),animal dander(1.74%)and mold combination(1.65%).The main allergens for ingestion were milk(2.52%),egg white/yolk(2.17%),fruit combination(1.56%),nut combination(1.30%)and seafood combination(1.04%).The positive detectable rate of allergens in male patients was significantly lower than that in female patients,with a statistically significant difference(29.45%vs.38.49%,P<0.05).The positive rate of allergens in adult patients was significantly higher than that in underage patients,with a statistically significant difference(33.66%vs.32.89%,P<0.05).The positive rate of allergens in summer was significantly higher than those in spring,autumn and winter(56.27%vs.16.20%,39.80%,4.55%,all P<0.05).Conclusions The main allergens of allergic diseases in Linqing area are the combination of tree pollen,house dust mite/dust mite,house dust,animal dander and mold.The results of the detection of allergen specific IgE are related to age,immune function,season,environment and other factors.