毛头鬼伞发酵产物抑菌特性的初步研究

Study on the antibacterial activity of the fermented products of Coprinus comatus

为探究毛头鬼伞发酵产物的抑菌特性,采用管碟法测定毛头鬼伞胞内和胞外发酵产物对4种食源性致病菌的抑菌活性。结果表明:毛头鬼伞发酵产物中主要抑菌成分为胞外产物,且相同浓度的胞外产物对革兰阳性菌单核细胞增生李斯特菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果显著好于革兰阴性菌大肠埃希菌和沙门菌;对单核细胞增生李斯特菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和肠炎沙门菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为15.60、31.25、32.15、62.50 mg·mL-1;在酸性环境中胞外产物具有抑菌活性,且以pH 3.5时活性最高;不同温度处理胞外产物后对4种致病菌的抑菌活性无显著变化;胞外产物中极性部分对4种致病菌的抑菌活性强于弱极性部分。经Cleanert IC-RP25 (简称RP)柱处理后,结果显示抑菌活性物质主要为小分子物质。综上,该研究为今后毛头鬼伞发酵产物中抑菌活性物质的分离纯化提供了依据,也为毛头鬼伞发酵产物的开发利用奠定了理论基础。

In order to investigate the antibacterial properties of the fermentation products of Coprinus comatus,the tube dish method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of the intracellular and extracellular fermentation products of C.comatus against four foodborne pathogens.The results showed that the main antibacterial components in the fermentation products of C.comatus were extracellular products,and at the same concentration,the extracellular products had significantly better antibacterial effects on Gram positive bacteria,Listeria monocytogenes,and Staphylococcus aureus than Gram negative bacteria,Escherichia coli,and Salmonella enteritidis.The minimum inhibitory concentrations for L.monocytogenes,S.aureus,E.coli and S.enteritidis were 15.60,31.25,32.15and 62.50mg·mL-1,respectively.The antibacterial activity of extracellular products in acidic environments was highest at pH 3.5.After treating extracellular products at different temperatures,there was no significant change in their antibacterial activity against four types of bacteria.The polar part of the extracellular product had stronger antibacterial activity against four types of bacteria than the weakly polar part.After being treated with Cleanert IC-RP25(RP)column,the results showed that the antibacterial active substances were mainly small molecule substances.This experiment provides a basis for the separation and purification of antibacterial active substances in the fermentation products of C.comatus in the future,and also lays a theoretical foundation for the direct application and development of C.comatus fermentation products.