Silicon-photonics-enabled chip-based 3D printer

Imagine if it were possible to create 3D objects in the palm of your hand within seconds using only a single photonic chip.Although 3D printing has revolutionized the way we create in nearly every aspect of modern society,current 3D printers rely on large and complex mechanical systems to enable layer-by-layer addition of material.This limits print speed,resolution,portability,form factor,and material complexity.Although there have been recent efforts in developing novel photocuring-based 3D printers that utilize light to transform matter from liquid resins to solid objects using advanced methods,they remain reliant on bulky and complex mechanical systems.To address these limitations,we combine the fields of silicon photonics and photochemistry to propose the first chip-based 3D printer.The proposed system consists of only a single millimeter-scale photonic chip without any moving parts that emits reconfigurable visible-light holograms up into a simple stationary resin well to enable non-mechanical 3D printing.Furthermore,we experimentally demonstrate a stereolithography-inspired proof-of-concept version of the chip-based 3D printer using a visible-light beam-steering integrated optical phased array and visible-light-curable resin,showing 3D printing using a chip-based system for the first time.This work demonstrates the first steps towards a highlycompact,portable,and low-cost solution for the next generation of 3D printers.