流亡的命运与族裔身份的变迁与重构——一部新发现的在沪流亡犹太人的德语戏剧《第二副面孔》

近年来,在沪流亡犹太人的历史受到广泛关注,虽然时隔久远,但依然不断会有新资料得以重见天日。2017年,意大利学者托马斯·索玛多斯发现、整理并出版了奥地利犹太作家马克·西格尔贝格的一部德语戏剧的手稿。这部名为《第二副面孔》的四幕剧创作于作家流亡上海时的1941年,英文翻译版于1944年在澳大利亚墨尔本出版。作品以日军进攻珍珠港前后的上海公共租界为背景,讲述了租界内各种势力之间的角逐与冲突。无论是从文学还是从历史的角度,这部新发现作品的独特文献价值都具有研究发掘的必要。同样,体现在作家和作品人物身上的犹太族裔身份,表现出了多样性、复杂性、矛盾性和时代性的特征。本文以这部新发现的德语戏剧为例,结合流亡者的命运和时代的背景,梳理在沪流亡犹太人族裔身份的变迁与重构。

In recent years,the history of Jews in exile in Shanghai has received widespread attention.Experts and scholars from various countries have studied and elaborated on this history from different angles,and released a large number of relevant historical materials,all of which should prove challenging to future studies.New and unexpected information continues to be exposed in spite of the huge time gap.In 2017,Italian scholar Tomas Sommadossi discovered,compiled and published a manuscript of The Second Face,a German play by the Austrian Jewish writer Mark Siegelberg.It was created in 1941 when the writer was in exile in Shanghai.The English translation was published in Melbourne,Australia in 1944.Set in the background of the Shanghai Public Concession before and after the Japanese invasion of Pearl Harbor,this play focuses on the rivalry and conflict among various forces within the concession.Whether from a literary or historical perspective,this newly discovered work should prove noteworthy for its documentary values.This paper aims to explore the changes and reconstruction of the ethnic identity of Jews in exile in Shanghai as is revealed in this newly discovered German drama with its peculiar historic background and a theme of the fate of exiles.