颅脑肿瘤患者术后肠道管理体验及需求的质性研究

A Qualitative Study on the Experience and Needs of Patients with Craniocerebral Tumors in Postoperative Intestinal Management

目的深入了解颅脑肿瘤患者术后肠道管理的体验,了解其内心需求,明确颅脑肿瘤术后患者的肠道管理体验以及肠道管理相关需求,为制订颅脑肿瘤患者肠道管理方案,改善患者生活质量提供参考依据。方法选择2023年12月—2024年1月武汉大学中南医院收治的12例颅脑肿瘤术后患者作为研究对象,采用质性研究中的现象学研究方法,对患者进行半结构式访谈,主要访谈的主题是患者的术后肠道管理需求以及肠道管理的体验,搜集资料后使用Colaizzi 7步分析法进行深入分析,再对主题词进行凝练。结果颅脑肿瘤术后患者肠道管理依从性不佳,对肠道管理的重视度不够,且缺少相应的支持。主要凝练出三大主题,肠道管理重视度不足,肠道管理的需求,肠道管理的个体差异。以及八个亚主题:多种生理症状共存,关注主要症状;相关专业知识缺乏;认为肠道症状是饮食原因导致,从而无需处理;疾病相关信息需求;肠道管理相关饮食及生活方式的需求;心理疏导的需求;积极应对和消极应对。结论对颅脑肿瘤术后患者进行肠道管理,需要开展多途径的管理,包括患者的健康宣教与心理疏导,重视肠道管理对颅脑肿瘤患者的意义,从而减少患者术后并发症的出现,提高患者的生活质量。

Objective To gain a deeper understanding of the postoperative experience of gut management in patients with brain tumors,understand their inner needs,clarify their gut management experience and related needs,and provide reference for developing gut management plans for brain tumor patients and improving their quality of life.Methods Twelve patients with postoperative brain tumors were selected,and a semi-structured interview was conducted using phenomenological research methods from qualitative research.The main topics of the interview were the postoperative intestinal management needs and experiences of the patients.After collecting data,Colaizzi's 7-step analysis method was used for in-depth analysis,and the topic words were condensed.Results postoperative patients with cranial tumors have poor adherence to intestinal management,insufficient emphasis on intestinal management,and a lack of corresponding support.The main themes are summarized as follows:insufficient emphasis on intestinal management,the needs of intestinal management,and individual differences in intestinal management.And eight sub themes:coexistence of multiple physiological symptoms,focusing on the main symptoms;Lack of relevant professional knowledge;Believing that intestinal symptoms are caused by dietary factors and therefore do not require treatment;Disease related information needs;The demand for diet and lifestyle related to intestinal management;The need for psychological counseling;Positive and negative responses.Conclusion For postoperative patients with traumatic brain tumors,it is necessary to carry out multi-channel management,including health education,psychological counseling,and emphasizing the significance of intestinal management for patients with traumatic brain tumors,in order to reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications and improve their quality of life.