气象小卫星发展的回顾与展望

Review and prospect on the meteorological small satellites

气象卫星对地观测是大气、空间气象要素观测的重要手段.近年来,气象小卫星发展迅猛,引起对地观测领域的广泛关注.回顾了目前国内外具有重要影响力的气象小卫星星座的设计思路和布局,在已经实现的对降水、云雨粒子和大气温湿度廓线等重要气象要素的探测能力基础上,提出并阐述了未来中国气象小卫星的发展构想.中国将打造具有前沿技术验证能力、科学试验能力、星座协同和即时定制能力的气象小卫星星座,与大平台系列风云气象卫星互联互通,共同作为数字太空系统的天基感知节点,形成大小结合、星地统筹、协同观测、综合应用的气象卫星发展新格局,为气象高质量发展提供新的技术支撑.

Meteorological satellites for Earth observation play a crucial role in observing atmospheric and space meteorological elements.In recent years,the rapid development of meteorological small satellites has attracted extensive attention in the field of Earth observation.The conception and strategy of internationally influential constellations of meteorological small satellites were reviewed,and the network perspective of Chna's meteorological small satellites in the future was elaborated on the basis of the achieved ability of critical space meteorological elements including rainfalls,cloud-rain particles and atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles.China's.meteorological satellite constellations to be built in the future will perform functions in cutting-edge technology verification,scientific experiment,constellation cooperative observation,and real-time and customizable service.Small satellites and the large platform series of FengYun meteorological satellites will interconnect with each other,and jointly serve as space-based sensing nodes of the digital space system,forming a new pattern of meteorological satellite development with large and small combination,satellite-ground coordination,collaborative observation and comprehensive application.The combination of small and large platform satellites will open up a new situation for the high-quality development of meteorology.