真核生物RNA的非经典加尾修饰

Non-canonical tailing of eukaryotic RNA

3′末端加尾修饰是真核生物RNA成熟的关键步骤之一,其中最常见的包括tRNA末端的CCA加尾修饰和mRNA末端的poly(A)尾修饰.近年来随着测序技术的发展,在真核生物mRNA和其他非编码RNA的3′末端发现一类由非经典末端核苷酸转移酶催化的非经典加尾修饰.这些修饰在维持RNA稳定性和调节细胞功能等方面发挥着重要作用.本文综述了真核生物RNA的非经典加尾修饰,重点阐述了mRNA和非编码RNA的非经典加尾修饰类型、涉及的修饰酶及其生物学功能,并介绍了RNA 3′末端测序方法的发展历史.

3′end tailing modification is one of the key steps in the eukaryotic RNA maturation process.The most common examples include CCA tailing in tRNA and poly(A)tailing in mRNA.In recent years,with the development of sequencing technologies,a class of noncanonical tailing modifications catalyzed by non-canonical terminal nucleotidyl transferases has been discovered at the 3′ends of eukaryotic mRNA and other non-coding RNAs.These modifications play an important role in maintaining RNA stability and regulating cellular functions.This review focuses on non-canonical tailing modifications in eukaryotic RNA,specifically discussing the types of non-canonical tailing modifications found in mRNA and non-coding RNAs,the involved modifying enzymes,their biological functions,and the developmental history of RNA 3′end sequencing methods.