植物中相分离研究进展

The role of phase separation in plant biology

过去十多年相分离在生物学中的发展为生物学研究提供了新的视角.相分离是目前生物学领域最前沿的研究方向之一.植物在生长发育过程中,往往面对着外界环境条件,如光照、温度、水分、机械刺激等的剧烈变化,这要求植物细胞短期内发生快速基因表达调控以应对这些生存环境的变化.近几年的研究发现,植物细胞中生物大分子通过相分离形成的无膜细胞器通过区室化、浓缩生物大分子等方式影响诸多细胞生命活动,在生长发育以及响应胁迫过程中起重要作用.本文阐释了生物大分子液-液相分离发生的原理和行使的功能,总结了近年来植物领域中的相关研究,并讨论了液-液相分离未来在植物领域中的发展前景.

Over the past decade,the study of phase separation in biology has opened up a new perspective for research.Phase separation is currently one of the most cutting-edge research fields in biology.Plants face dramatic changes in external environmental conditions,such as light,temperature,moisture,and mechanical stimuli during their growth and development.In order to survive and thrive in these conditions,plant cells must be able to quickly regulate gene expression in response to their changing surroundings.Recent research has revealed that the biomolecules within plant cells can form membraneless organelles through phase separation.These organelles play critical roles in compartmentalizing cellular activities,as a result regulate growth,development,and stress response in plants.This review describes the principles and functions of biomacromolecule phase separation,summarizes recent progress of phase separation in plant biology,and discusses the future directions for this fascinating area of study.