刑事证据科技伦理问题及其治理

Ethical issues of technology in the field of criminal evidence and the governance

刑事证据领域科技是指刑事诉讼场域内与证据和证据运用密切相关的科学技术,其应用类型主要包括科技获取、形成和审查证据,应用过程出现了信息安全、司法公正和职业责任等伦理问题。治理视野下,刑事证据领域科技之所以产生诸多伦理问题,是由于伦理治理的指引原则不明、预防审查缺失、过程监管欠缺和主体能力不足等治理缺陷。伦理原理结合能够生成刑事证据科技伦理,其主要原则包括发现事实真相、尊重诉讼权利、维护司法公正与提高诉讼效率、坚持司法公开与恪守司法责任,并在实践不断调试过程中形成伦理共识。在科技伦理规范功能实现进路指引下,构建专业伦理审查、强化司法应用监管及规范司法人员行为是刑事证据科技伦理治理的现实路径。

The science and technology applied in the field of criminal evidence refers to the science and technology that is closely related to evidence and the use of evidence in criminal proceedings.Its application mainly be providing assistance in obtaining evidence,formulating evidence and examining evidence.Meanwhile,ethical issues such as information security,judicial justice and professional responsibility arise in the application of science and technology.From the perspective of governance,the existence of these ethical problems is due to the governance deficiencies,including unclear guiding principles of ethical governance,the lack of preventive review,the lack of process supervision and insufficient capacity of the supervisory body.The ethical principles can generate science and technology ethics in the field of criminal evidence.The main principles include seeking the truth,respecting the litigants'rights,maintaining judicial justice,improving litigation efficiency,adhering to judicial transparency,and adhering to judicial responsibility.In the continuous practice,the ethical consensus will be finally formed.Under the guidance of the approach to the realization of the function of scientific and technological ethics,the path to the governance of scientific and technological ethics in the field of criminal evidence should be paved by constructing professional ethical review,strengthening the supervision of judicial application and standardizing judicial officials'behaviour.