侦查调取证据行为的省思与重构

Refections on law enforcement's request for evidence and the reconstruction Refections on law enforcement's request for evidence and the reconstruction

在刑事诉讼中,公安机关可以通过调取方式从第三方手中获取与案件相关证据材料。调取作为一种常见侦查取证行为,在实践运行中存在着调取主体权力行使不善、客体权利与义务失衡、所获证据采信标准不一等困境。然而,确保公安机关调取行为的正当行使,对于规范公安机关取证行为、保障侦查证据适格具有重要意义。对此,应当厘清调取行为的性质定位,肯定调取作为任意性侦查行为的独立品格;从程序规则完善、配套措施构建两个维度设定调取行为的适用规范,疏解调取行为多重义务阻碍,明确调取证据的审查认定标准和排除规则,借助侦查取证指引和检察监督手段,以期实现侦查取证规范的近景目标。

In criminal proceedings,public security organs can request case-related evidence and materials from the third party.Law enforcement's request for evidence,as a common method used in the law enforcement's evidence gathering,faces dilemmas in practice,such as poor exercise of the evidence request power,the imbalance between the third party's rights and obligations,and inconsistent standards of evidence admissibility.However,ensuring the legitimacy of the public security organs'request for evidence is of great significance to standardize public security organs'behaviors in evidence collection and to ensure the admissibility of the collected evidence.Therefore,the nature of public security organs'request should be clarified,and taking public security organs'requests as an independent characteristic of the non-compulsory investigation should be affirmed.Regulations for law enforcement's evidence request should be set in two dimensions:improving procedural rules and constructing supporting measures.In addition,in order to achieve the goal of standardizing evidence collection in criminal investigations,obstacles stemming from multiple obligations for evidence request should be alleviated,the examination and admissibility standards and the exclusion rules for evidence request should be clarified,and the guidelines for evidence collection in criminal investigations and the procuratorial supervision should also be used.