面向城市生物多样性提升的可持续景观格局构建机理与途径

Constructing sustainable landscape patterns for enhancing urban biodiversity

城市生物多样性是全球生物多样性的重要组成部分,城市是地理学、生态学及风景园林学等学科领域关注的核心地域。城市生态系统退化直接或间接地干扰了城市生境并造成了区域生物多样性丧失。为实现可持续城市和社区(SDG11)和陆地生物(SDG15)两项可持续发展目标,提升城市生物多样性的途径是当前城市生物多样性研究热点。可持续景观格局调控与构建是提升生物多样性的可能途径,城市生境与生物多样性的关系是可持续景观格局构建的重要内涵,科学地认知两者的相互作用关系是景观格局调控的根本。研究通过梳理生物多样性与景观生态学的交叉研究,提出了可持续城市景观格局研究的转变趋向:从生物多样性保护的被动适应式的生态安全格局构建转向主动调控提升生物多样性的可持续城市景观格局构建。加强多尺度的级联,在斑块尺度上的城市生境恢复和营建,景观尺度上构建面向城市生物多样性提升的可持续景观格局识别与连通优化,区域尺度上开展生物多样性保护规划。研究为城市生物多样性的保护与提升提供科学途径,进而促进城市景观生态学的理论与实践发展。

Urban biodiversity is an important component of global biodiversity.Cities are the core areas of concern in multidiscipline such as geography,ecology,and landscape architecture.The degradation of urban ecosystems directly or indirectly interferes with urban habitats and causes regional biodiversity loss.To achieve the two sustainable development goals of sustainable cities and communities(SDG11)and Life on Land(SDG15),enhancing urban biodiversity is currently a hot topic in the field of urban biodiversity research.The regulation and construction of sustainable landscape pattern is a possible way to enhance biodiversity,and the interaction between urban habitat and biodiversity is a core scientific issue of sustainable landscape pattern construction.Understanding the interaction between the two is the foundation for landscape pattern regulation.Our research proposes a shift in the study of sustainable urban landscape patterns:from the construction of passively adaptive ecological security pattern of biodiversity protection to the construction of sustainable urban landscape patterns which provides active regulation of biodiversity enhancement.It also points out that the current biodiversity enhancement oriented sustainable urban landscape pattern faces a lot of difficulties and problems,including the lack of widely recognized modeling methods,the controversy over the choice of landscape element indicators,the lack of universal conclusions on the threshold value of landscape elements,and how to use the threshold value to guide the spatial planning for diversity enhancement are yet to be explored.By restoring and constructing urban habitats at the patch scale,and constructing sustainable landscape pattern and connectivity for enhancing urban biodiversity at the landscape scale,and urban biodiversity planning at the regional scale,a sustainable landscape pattern approach is provided for the protection and enhancement of urban biodiversity.It will provide a scientific approach to the conservation and maintenance of urban biodiversity,enable biodiversity conservation to succeed in the changing urban environment,and promote the theoretical and practical development of urban landscape ecology.