7种富油微藻的超临界提取及脂肪酸分布特征

Supercritical Extraction of Lipid from 7 Microalgae Species and Fatty Acid Distribution Characteristics

富油微藻是制备生物燃料和提取高附加值不饱和脂肪酸的理想原料。为筛选具有高产油潜能的微藻,开发经济高效的微藻油脂提取工艺和检测方法,研究对7种富油微藻进行超临界CO_(2)提取,并结合三氟化硼-甲醇衍生化、GC-MS分析了各微藻提取物中的35种脂肪酸组成和含量。结果表明,添加乙醇夹带剂后,各藻类的油脂收率由54.60%~82.16%提高至75.61%~104.46%。微藻中共检出18种脂肪酸,C16~C18系列脂肪酸质量分数均在55.97%以上,其中小球藻、三角褐指藻和青岛大扁藻的单不饱和脂肪酸质量分数分别为36.25%、31.81%和26.85%,是生物柴油理想的替代品。牟氏角毛藻的不饱和脂肪酸UFAs质量分数达到91.15%,可作为绿色医疗保健品的重要来源。

Microalgae is an ideal raw material for biofuels and green healthy products.To screen the potential biodiesel microalgae and develop a cost-effective lipid extraction and analysis method,7 species of microalgae lipid were extracted using supercritical CO_(2) with ethanol as an entrainer.The composition of 35 fatty acids in microalgae extract were analyzed by boron trifluoride-methanol derivatization and GC-MS analysis.The results indicated that the oil recovery rates of algae increased from 54.60%-82.16%to 75.61%-104.46%after ethanol entrainer is added.A total of 18 types of fatty acids were detected in microalgae samples,mainly were C16 and C18 fatty acids(above 55.97%).Wherein,the content of MUFAs in Chlorella,Phaeodactylum tricornutum,and Platymonas sp.was 36.25%,31.81%and 26.85%,respectively,being ideal substitutes for biodiesel.The content of UFAs in Chaetoceros mueller reached 91.15%,being an important resource of green medical and health products.