陶瓷纤维海绵的三维组装方法

Three-dimensional assembly method of ceramic fiber sponge

陶瓷纤维海绵具有密度低、比表面积高、孔隙率高、热稳定性好、隔热性能优异等特点,有望成为隔热、阻燃、吸水、能量转换等领域极具发展前景的商业陶瓷材料。本文总结了三维静电纺丝、气流纺丝和离心纺丝等直接组装方法,综述了直接纺丝法制备陶瓷纤维海绵的研究进展,分析了陶瓷纤维海绵面临生产效率较低的问题,最后提出陶瓷纤维海绵未来发展方向为:(1)提高生产效率、降低生产成本、批量生产形状可控的陶瓷纤维海绵;(2)提高高温隔热性能,促进陶瓷纤维海绵在防隔热领域的应用;(3)提升结构稳定性,制备具有高弹性、柔韧性以及抗疲劳性的陶瓷纤维海绵;(4)研发具有光、电磁等特殊功能的陶瓷纤维海绵材料,扩大陶瓷纤维海绵的应用范围。

Ceramic fiber sponge with low density,high specific surface area,high porosity,good thermal stability and good thermal insulation performance is expected to become one of the most promising commercial ceramic materials in the fields of heat insulation,flame retardant,water-oil absorption and energy conversion.This paper summarizes the direct assembly methods such as three-dimensional electrospinning,solution blowing spinning and centrifugal spinning,reviews the research progress in the production of ceramic fiber sponge by direct spinning method,analyses the problems of low production efficiency of ceramic fiber sponge,and proposes the future development directions of ceramic fiber sponge:(1)improve the production efficiency,reduce the production cost,and mass produce ceramic fibre sponge with controllable shape;(2)improve the high-temperature thermal insulation performance and promote the application of ceramic fibre sponge in the field of heat insulation;(3)improve the structural stability and produce ceramic fibre sponge with high elasticity,flexibility,and fatigue resistance;(4)research and develop ceramic fibre sponge materials with special functions such as light and electromagnetism,and expand the application range of ceramic fibre sponge.