高强铝合金电弧增材制造的研究进展

Research progress in arc additive manufacturing of high-strength aluminum alloys

高强铝合金因具有高强度、低密度、优异的延展性和抗腐蚀性,成为了航空航天和汽车应用零件最常用的金属材料之一。电弧增材制造技术具有快速原位成形制造复杂结构零部件的能力,非常适用于中型或大型高强铝合金铝部件的制造。本文综合分析了高强铝合金电弧增材制造工艺和设备研发现状、高强铝合金电弧增材的固有属性和缺陷以及主要的性能优化手段,讨论了组织和性能的固有特征和复合增材制造技术对组织和性能的影响。针对电弧增材制造高强铝合金不可忽略的本质冶金缺陷、特征性能需求和多种优化工艺的优劣等问题,提出了电弧增材制造高强铝合金综合评价体系、成分设计和丝材开发、专用热处理制度和复合增材制造技术的协同性等发展方向,以期为电弧增材制造高强铝合金的性能提升和应用推广提供重要参考。

High-strength aluminum alloy have become one of the most commonly used metal materials for aerospace and automotive application parts due to its high strength,low density,excellent ductility and corrosion resistance.Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)has the ability to rapidly in-situ form and manufacture complex structural parts,and is very suitable for the manufacturing of medium or large highstrength aluminium alloy parts.The current status of high-strength aluminum alloy WAAM processes and equipment,the inherent properties and defects of high-strength aluminum alloy WAAM,and the main performance optimization methods were comprehensively analyzed in this paper.The inherent characteristics of the microstructure and properties as well as the impact of hybrid additive manufacturing technologies on the microstructure and properties were discussed.Opinions are put forward on issues such as metallurgical defects,characteristic performance requirements,the advantages and disadvantages of various optimization processes in WAAM.Development directions such as a comprehensive evaluation system,composition design and wire development,special heat treatment systems and synergy of composite additive manufacturing technology are proposed.Such proposals are expected to provide references for the performance improvement and application promotion of high-strength aluminum alloys manufactured via WAAM.