技术作为“基调”:新闻生产的专业化变迁

Technology as the “Key”: The Transformation of Professionalization in Making News

新闻是现实的社会建构,专业化是新闻从业者在建构现实过程中的二次建构。技术作为新闻生产的“基调”,同时影响着新闻生产的专业化变迁。以印刷和电报通讯为代表的传统技术推动了新闻专业和新闻专业主义的形成,加速了新闻生产的专业化。数字技术通过赋权实现“祛魅”,带来了新闻生产的去专业化,体现为新闻生产主体和报道文本泛化、以客观性为表征的新闻专业主义消解。然而,技术既蕴含危机又充满希望,智能技术可以通过赋能生产主体和聚焦新闻本体实现新闻的本质回归,最终达到新闻生产的再专业化。在新闻生产专业化范式流变的过程中,不仅仅是技术在“调音”,政策、市场等因素共同作用在新闻生产之上,使新闻生产专业化不断被建构和再建构。

News is the social construction of reality, and professionalization is the secondary construction by journalists in the process of constructing reality. Technology, as the “key” of making news, influences the transformation of professionalization. Traditional technologies represented by printing and telegraphic communication have promoted the formation of journalism and professionalism, and accelerated the professionalization in making news. Digital technology achieves disenchantment through empowerment and brings about the de-professionalization in making news, which is reflected in the generalization of news producers and report texts, as well as the dissolution of news professionalism characterized by objectivity. However, new technology embodies both crises and hopes. Intelligent technology may empower news producers and focus on news ontology to achieve the essential return of journalism, ultimately achieving the re-professionalization in making news. In the process of the transformation of professionalization, it is not only technology that is “keying”, but also the factors concerning policies and economy that work together to construct and reconstruct professionalization in making news.