大学生初次航海实习晕动病发生情况及影响因素分析

Incidence and influencing factors of motion sickness in undergraduates during their first maritime practice

目的 观察某校本科学员初次航海实习时的晕动病发生情况,并探讨性别、中医体质、心理因素、晕动病易感性与航海晕动病之间的关系。方法 采用随机取样法,抽取某校120名大二学员,使用中医体质分类与判定量表、简版贝克抑郁问卷量表(BDI-SF)、状态-特质焦虑量表(STAI)和修改版晕动病易感性问卷(mMSSQ)进行问卷调查;在第一次进入风浪海域时采用格瑞比尔(Graybiel)表格对其晕船不适感进行评估。结果 共104人完成问卷评估,学员体质以湿热质、痰湿质、气虚质、阳虚质为主,不同体质间的航海晕动病发病率差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。共有16人(15.38%)存在不同程度的抑郁状态,抑郁与晕动病易感性、焦虑高度相关(P<0.01)。56人(53.85%)对于晕动病高度易感。在第一次进入风浪海域时,所有学员均出现了不同程度的晕动不适感,女性明显强于男性(P<0.01),其中有54人发生了晕动病,女性发病率高于男性(P<0.01),抑郁状态者发病率高于无抑郁状态者(P<0.01)。性别、阳虚质、抑郁程度、晕动病易感性与晕船不适感显著相关(P<0.05),可作为航海晕动病的预测因素。结论 大学生初次航海实习时的晕动病发病率较高,需着重关注女性、阳虚质、抑郁、焦虑及晕动病易感性较高的学员。

Objective To observe the motion sickness among undergraduates during their first maritime practice,and to explore the relationships between gender,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution,psychological factors,susceptibility to motion sickness and nautical motion sickness.Methods A total of 120 sophomore students were selected by simple random sampling.The Constitution Classification and Determination Scale of TCM,Beck depression inventory-short form(BDI-SF),state trait anxiety inventory(STAI)and modified motion sickness susceptibility questionnaire(mMSSQ)were used for a questionnaire survey among the students.Seasickness discomfort was assessed by Graybiel scale when they first entered the rough sea.Results A total of 104 trainees completed the questionnaire.The physical constitution was mainly characterized by damp-heat,phlegm dampness,Qi deficiency,and Yang deficiency.There was no significant difference in the incidence of motion sickness among the students with different constitutions(P<0.05).Depressi on was found in 16 people(15.38%),and depression was highly correlated with the susceptibility to motion sickness and anxiety(all P<0.01).Fifty-six students(53.85%)were highly susceptible to motion sickness.All the students felt discomfort when they first entered the rough sea,and the discomfort in females was significantly stronger than that in males(P<0.01).Motion sickness occurred in 54 students,the incidence of motion sickness in females was higher than that in males(P<0.01),and the incidence of motion sickness in the students with depression was higher than that in the students without depression(P<0.01).Gender,Yang deficiency constitution,degree of depression,and susceptibility to motion sickness were significantly correlated with the motion sickness(P<0.05),and could be used as predictors of motion sickness.Conclusion There is a high incidence of motion sickness among college students during their first maritime practice.More attention should be paid to female students,and to students with Yang deficiency constitution,negative emotions(depression and anxiety)and high susceptibility to motion sickness.