“三二连读”近视医学生心理健康状况调查

Investigation on mental health status of medical students with myopia engaged in “consecutive studies for three years plus two years”

目的 了解近视与非近视“三二连读”医学生心理健康状况的差异。方法 采用SCL-90症状自评量表对某市“三二连读”医学生进行问卷调查,以1 633名近视学生作为研究组,360名非近视学生作为对照组。同时从中分层选取部分学生进行结构式访谈。结果 “三二连读”医学生心理健康水平整体较为积极,心理健康状况不良检出率为32.41%,其中阳性症状出现概率最高的前3项依次为强迫症状、人际关系敏感和抑郁症状。与中学生综合样本比较,一~三年级中职阶段学生躯体化、恐怖因子得分显著偏高(t=4.624~6.375,P<0.01),强迫症状、人际关系敏感、敌对、偏执因子得分显著偏低(t=-8.778~-3.021,P<0.01)。与全国大学生常模比较,四、五年级高职阶段学生SCL-90量表总分和10个因子得分均显著偏高(t=3.838~16.105,P<0.01)。“三二连读”近视医学生SCL-90量表总分呈阳性,其总分与躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、恐怖等各因子得分均显著高于非近视医学生(t=36.283~54.157,P<0.01);女生SCL-90量表总分及躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、恐怖因子得分均显著高于男生(t=-4.041~-2.320,P<0.05);除了强迫症状、偏执和精神病性之外,护理专业学生SCL-90量表总分和各因子得分均显著高于其他专业,视光技术专业学生SCL-90量表总分和所有因子得分均显著低于其他专业(F=3.979~5.253,P<0.05);不同年级和生源地近视学生SCL-90量表总分和各因子得分差异无显著性(P>0.05)。访谈结果显示,学生对近视及其对未来的职业生涯影响感到焦虑和恐惧。结论 “三二连读”医学生心理健康状况总体较为积极,但其中近视学生心理健康状况不容乐观,应针对性进行心理健康干预。

Objective To investigate the difference in mental health status between the medical students with myopia and those with normal visual acuity in the context of“consecutive studies for three years plus two years”.Methods The Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90)scale was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among the medical students engaged in“consecutive studies for three years plus two years”in a city,among whom 1633 students with myopia were enrolled as study group and 360 students without myopia were enrolled as control group.The students were stratified,and some students were selected for structural interview.Results There was a relatively positive mental health status among the medical students engaged in“consecutive studies for three years plus two years”,while the detection rate of poor mental health status was 32.41%,and the top three positive symptoms in terms of probability were obsessive-compulsive disorder,interpersonal sensitivity,and depression.Compared with the comprehensive sample of middle school students,the secondary vocational school students in grades 1-3 had significantly higher scores of somatization and terror factors(t=4.624-6.375,P<0.01)and significantly lower scores of obsessive-compulsive symptoms,interpersonal sensitivity,hostility,and paranoia(t=-8.778 to-3.021,P<0.01).Compared with the national norm of college students,the higher vocational college students in grades 4 and 5 had significant higher total score of SCL-90 and scores of 10 factors(t=3.838-16.105,P<0.01).In the context of“consecutive studies for three years plus two years”,the medical students with myopia had a positive total score of SCL-90 scale,with significantly higher total score and scores of somatization,obsessive-compulsive disorder,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,and terror factors than the medical students without myopia(t=36.283-54.157,P<0.01).Compared with the male students,the female students had significantly higher total score of SCL-90 and scores of somatization,obsessive-compulsive disorder,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,and terror factor(t=-4.041 to-2.320,P<0.05).The nursing students had a significantly higher total score of SCL-90 scale than the students with other majors,as well as significantly higher scores of all factors except obsessive-compulsive symptom,paranoid,and psychotic factor,and the students majoring in optometry had significantly lower total score of SCL-90 scale and scores of all factors than those with other majors(F=3.979-5.253,P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the total score of SCL-90 scale and the scores of all factors between the students with myopia from different grades and origins(P>0.05).The results of interview showed that the students had anxiety and fear toward myopia and future career.Conclusion The medical students engaged in“consecutive stu-dies for three years plus two years”tend to have a relatively positive mental health status,but the medical students with myopia tend to have a poor mental health status,which requires targeted mental health intervention.