2018-2023年莆田市5岁及以下儿童流感流行病学研究

Epidemiological study of influenza in children under 5 years in Putian city from 2018 to 2023

目的 分析福建省莆田市5岁及以下儿童流行性感冒的流行病学特征,为制定流感防控策略提供科学依据。方法 自2018至2023年间采集莆田各流感监测哨点医院5岁及以下儿童的呼吸道样本,采用荧光PCR(PCR)方法检测流感病毒,汇总临床数据对时空传播特征进行统计分析。结果 莆田市共采集并检测流感样病例样本7 449例,阳性530例,阳性率7.12%。2018年阳性病例数量达到147例,2019年阳性率为13.83%,均为所观察到的最高值。流感主要在冬春季和夏季发病,仙游县是流感的高发区,甲型H1N1和乙型Victoria病毒株间存在交替优势。随着年龄增长,流感检出率在2岁、4岁和5岁分别为6.587%、9.92%和11.97%,呈上升趋势,男性患儿数量高于女性患儿,差异有统计学意义(t=2.86,P<0.05)。结论 本研究发现莆田市5岁及以下儿童流感病毒以甲型H1N1和乙型Victoria为主,呈现出明确的季节性和年龄、性别分布特征,为当地流感防控策略的制定和实施提供了依据。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in children under 5 years old in Putian,Fujian Province,and provide scientific evidence for developing influenza prevention and control strategies.Methods Respiratory specimens were collected from children under 5 years old at influenza sentinel hospitals in Putian from 2018 to 2023.Influenza viruses were detected using fluorescence PCR(Poly-merase Chain Reaction).Clinical data were statistically analyzed to characterize the spatiotemporal transmission patterns.Results A total of 7449 specimens were collected and tested during this period,of which 530 were positive for influenza(positive rate 7.12%).The highest number(147)and rate(13.83%)of positive cases occurred in 2018 and 2019,respectively.Influenza predominantly occurred in winter-spring and summer sea-sons,with alternating dominance between influenza A/H1N1 and B/Victoria strains.Xianyou County was high-incidence areas.The positive rates at 2,4,and 5 years old were 6.58%,9.92%and 11.97%,respectively,showing an increasing trend with age.Significantly more males than females were infected(t=2.86,P<0.05).Conclusion This study found that influenza A/H1N1 and B/Victoria were the predominant strains in children under 5 in Putian.These strains exhibited distinct seasonality and age/gender distribution characteristics,provid-ing evidence for the development of local influenza prevention and control strategies.