福建省某拟运行核设施周围应急人员核辐射风险认知调查

Survey on nuclear radiation risk awareness among emergency responders around a nuclear facility ready for operation in Fujian Province,China

目的了解核设施周边卫生应急人员核辐射知识认知程度及对核电站建设态度,为做好此类人群的宣传教育工作,树立对核电站安全的信心,进一步做好卫生应急工作提供帮助。方法2022年9月,按照中疾控辐射安全所制定的调查方案,使用其设计的调查问卷,采用现场集中填写网络问卷的形式,对指定市、县、乡三级疾控中心、医院及乡镇卫生院238名从事卫生应急工作的人员开展调查。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析,计数资料采用构成比进行统计描述,并进行卡方检验;计量资料采用χ±s进行描述,并用多元线性回归进行相关性分析。结果共收集有效问卷225份,放射卫生防护机构专业技术人员、研究生学历人员及男性得分相对较高,分别为10.83±2.13、12.4±1.67、10.48±2.8;性别及学历为辐射知识认知影响因素(P<0.05);大部分调查对象非常关心且担心核电站的安全问题,支持国家建设核电站但对在当地建设核设施采取中立的态度;对政府及权威媒体的信任度较高。结论根据卫生应急人员的人群特征,有针对性地采取不同的宣传教育方式和活动,加强薄弱辐射知识的宣传教育,同时重视政府、媒体的权威作用,让公众对核电站安全树立信心。

Objective To understand the level of nuclear radiation knowledge and attitude towards nuclear power plant construction among health emergency personnel around a nuclear facility,to enhance public awareness and education targeted at these individuals,to increase confidence in the safety of nuclear power plants,and to aid health emergency response work.Methods In September 2022,following the survey plan developed by National Institute for Radiological Protection,China CDC,a survey was conducted using a questionnaire designed by the institute.The survey was conducted by filling online questionnaire by 238 individuals engaged in health emergency gathered at their working units,including designated centers for disease control,hospitals,and township health clinics at the municipal,county,and township levels.The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 statistical software.The categorical data were statistically described by proportion and subjected to chi-square test.The continuous data were described by χ±s and subjected to correlation analysis using multiple linear regression.Results A total of 225 valid questionnaires were collected.The scores were relatively high for professional and technical personnel of radiation health protection agencies,personnel with postgraduate degrees,and male personnel,and their scores were 10.83±2.13,12.4±1.67,and 10.48±2.8,respectively.Sex and education were the factors influencing the level of radiation knowledge(P<0.05).Most of the respondents were very concerned and worried about the safety of nuclear power plants,supported the construction of nuclear power plants by the state but took a neutral attitude towards the construction of nuclear facilities in the local area,and showed high level of trust in the government and the authoritative media.Conclusion According to the characteristics of the health emergency personnel,different publicity and education methods and activities should be used to enhance understanding of radiation knowledge.The authoritative role of the government and the media should be emphasized to build confidence in the safety of nuclear power plants.