影响头孢菌素类药物皮试结果的原因调查及护理对策研究

Investigation on Reasons Affecting Cephalosporin Skin Test and Research on Nursing Strategies

目的调查影响头孢菌素类药物皮试结果的原因,并研究护理对策。方法选择2020年1月—2021年1月在本院行头孢菌素类药物皮试的1207例患者进行回顾性调查,使用自制问卷分析皮试结果假阳性、假阴性的相关因素。结果阳性组与假阳性组在过敏史、是否使用其他药物方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);阴性组与假阴性组在过敏史方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论关于头孢菌素类药物皮试结果的准确性,存在若干影响因素,主要包括患者的过敏史以及是否同时使用其他药物等。为提高皮试结果的准确性,护理人员需采取一系列措施。首先,应确保皮试液的规范配制,遵循严格的皮试液注射标准。其次,在皮试前,护理人员应详细询问患者的药物过敏史及用药史,以便全面了解患者的药物使用情况。同时,护理人员还需积极与患者进行沟通,以缓解其紧张情绪并获取更多信息。此外,提升护理人员的职业素养也是确保皮试结果准确性的重要环节。通过以上措施的综合实施,可以有效提高头孢菌素类药物皮试结果的准确性。

Objective To investigate reasons affecting cephalosporin drug skin tests and study nursing strategies.Methods The paper carried out retrospective survey on 1207 patients with cephalosporin drug skin tests from January 2020 to January 2021,and analyzed relevant factors of false positive and false negative skin test with self-made questionnaire.Results There was significant difference between positive group and false positive group in terms of allergy history and other drugs use,(P<0.001).There was significant difference in allergy history between negative group and false negative group(P<0.05).Conclusion Influencing factors of cephalosporin drug skin tests include allergy history,other drugs use and etc,nursing staff can improve accuracy of cephalosporin drug skin test by standardizing preparation of skin test solutions,regulating injection standards of skin test solutions strictly,inquiring drug allergy and medication history in detail before skin test,communicating with patients actively,and improving professional ethics of nursing staff.