维持性血液透析患者饮食依从性调查及社会、心理相关因素分析

Dietary Compliance Investigation and Social and Psychological Factors Analysis of Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

目的调查维持性血液透析(MHD)患者饮食依从性现状,分析社会因素与心理因素对患者饮食依从性的影响,为临床提供依据。方法选取2020年1月—2022年10月本院收治的93例MHD患者,使用一般资料问卷、肾脏病饮食依从行为问卷、社会支持度问卷、负性心理自评问卷调查患者饮食依从性状况和社会、心理相关因素的影响。结果患者RABQ评分均分为(84.52±10.63)分,Pearson相关分析显示,患者社会支持的各维度与饮食依从性均呈明显相关性(P<0.05);患者焦虑、抑郁评分与饮食依从性均呈明显相关性(P<0.05);单因素分析显示,年龄、文化程度、透析龄是饮食依从性水平的相关影响因素(P<0.05);多元回归分析结果显示,患者年龄<40岁、透析龄>5年、患者焦虑抑郁状态是患者饮食依从性水平的主要危险因素(P<0.05),而社会支持的各方面是保护因素(P<0.05)。结论MHD患者饮食依从性水平普遍存在偏低的现象,与患者年龄、透析龄、心理状态、社会支持度等多种因素相关,应采取相关措施,降低患者负性心理,提高支持度,使患者获得更好的营养支持。

Objective To investigate current status of dietary compliance of maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)patients,analyze effect of social and psychological factors on dietary compliance of patients,and provide basis for clinical practice.Methods The paper chose 93 MHD patients in our hospital from January 2020 to October 2022,and investigated dietary compliance status and effect of social and psychological factors with general information questionnaire,renal disease dietary compliance behavior questionnaire,social support questionnaire,and negative psychological selfevaluation questionnaire.Results Average RABQ scores of patients were(84.52±10.63)points,Pearson correlation analysis showed,all dimensions of social support of patients were significantly correlated with dietary compliance(P<0.05).Anxiety and depression scores of patients were significantly correlated with dietary compliance(P<0.05).Univariate analysis showed,age,education level and dialysis age was related influencing factors for dietary compliance level(P<0.05).Multiple regression analysis results showed,age<40,dialysis age>5,anxiety and depression was main risk factors for dietary compliance,(P<0.05),while various aspects of social support were protective factors(P<0.05).Conclusion Dietary compliance level of MHD patients is generally low,which is related to various factors of age,dialysis age,psychological state,social support and etc.Relevant measures should be taken to reduce negative psychology,improve social support,and help patients to obtain good nutritional support.