上博简《孔子诗论》研究现状批判与未来指向

Critiques on Previous and Future Studies of the "Kongzi shi lun"in the Shanghai Museum Collection of Warring-States Writings

上博简《孔子诗论》面世20余年来,文本整理、简文释读等基础研究已趋成熟,但最重要的“诗学”研究却尚处于“零散诗学”阶段。未来研究分组解评《诗经》作品层级,应单篇、组内、组外“三重对研”发掘孔子解评语的内在联系,以揭示其“情”“礼”“德”三层批评理念。归纳概括“四诗”内容性质和风格特征层级,应系统探讨孔子诗学的批判性思维、“观俗说”“敛材说”“抒怨说”“苦难说”“衰败说”“少德说”“怨王说”“忧患说”及“缘情说”源头等有机联系。揭示文艺本质层级,应系统探讨“诗亡隐志说”的“历时性”贡献、“乐亡隐情说”“文亡隐意说”的首创价值、“三大内容层级”“三大学说”与孔子文艺思想体系建构的重大诗学史意义。

There have been plenty of studies on such issues as textual collation and interpretation in the past two decades after the discovery of the "Kongzi shi lun".In comparison,the scholarship on this text as a collection of poetic theories remains insufficient.Future studies should focus on its hierarchical interpretation and evaluation of the poems included in the Book of Songs and the comparison of its comments on single poems,grouped poems,and groups of poems in order to uncover the inner relationship of those comments and to reveal this three-tiered poetic critical structure including emotion,ritual,and virtue.To study the nature and stylistic features of the "four types of poetry"mentioned in the "Kongzi shi lun",we should focus on a systematic exploration of the critical thinking in the"Kongzi shi lun",and on the connections between various assumptions proposed after its publication on the nature of the text.In order to reveal its literary nature,we need to explore the "diachronic" contribution,the pioneering value,and the historical significance that this text contains as well as the construction of the literary and artistic thoughts contributed to Confucius.