人类合作的道德进化解释

Explaining Human Cooperation from a Moral Evolutionary Perspective

从道德因素出发探究人类合作问题的理论可分为两类:第一类侧重解释道德在合作进化中出现的必然性,但其“道德”无法推广至群体层面;第二类侧重解释道德规范对人类合作的意义,但其“道德”没有构成人类合作的必要条件,从道德进化视角解释人类合作还存在较大问题。从选择行为出发界定非人类和人类的合作,为研究合作与道德提供一种连续性范畴,通过分析合作与道德所需的认知能力来论证二者之间的内在关系,运用伙伴选择模型描述合作进化与道德起源的市场化驱动机制。由此得到人类合作中出现道德、道德维持和促进人类合作的必然性解释逻辑,进一步论证道德对于人类合作的必要性,解决了原有两类理论在解释逻辑上存在的分歧。

With further study on the relationship between cooperation and morality,moral factors have become a new focus in explaining human cooperation.The related theories include two types:one type focuses on explaining how morality emerges in cooperative interaction,including the inevitability of morality emerging in the evolution of cooperation,and the other,on explaining the important role of morality in human cooperation,including the significance of morality in promoting and maintaining human cooperation.However,the"morality"in the first type cannot be extended to the level of group cooperation,and the"morality"in the second type does not constitute the necessary conditions for human cooperation.The logic of human cooperation from a moral evolutionary perspective still has serious problems.In order to solve the problems,firstly,we need to define non-human and human cooperation in terms of the behavior of selection to provide a category of continuity to analyze cooperation and morality.We also need to discuss the intrinsic relationship between cooperation and morality by analyzing required cognitive capacities and to describe the marketization-driven mechanism for the evolution of cooperation and the origin of morality based on the Partner Choice Model.Finally,we need to find the two logics of necessity for the emergence of morality in human cooperation and the maintenance and promotion of morality on human cooperation.I argue that morality is a necessary condition for the formation and development of human cooperation,and is necessary to resolve the disagreements between the two existing types of theories in explanatory logic.