论国际商事仲裁平行程序中的禁诉令

On the Anti-suit Injunction in Parallel Proceedings of International Commercial Arbitration

禁诉令作为解决国际商事仲裁与法院诉讼平行程序的工具饱受争议。部分国家和地区的成文法提供了法院、仲裁庭签发禁诉令的依据,但无论签发主体为何,禁诉令均应受到严格限制。禁诉令作为临时措施,域外效力难以得到保证,国际公约对此尚无明确规定,各国国内法也倾向于不予承认。对无合理依据的禁诉令,司法机关应拒绝送达、拒绝承认与执行。我国需要构建禁诉令制度,设置严格签发条件,辅以不履行禁诉令时的罚款制裁、损害赔偿、拒绝承认与执行外国法院判决等保障措施,在国际规则框架下主动维护仲裁机构管辖权。

Anti-suit injunctions have been controversial as a tool to resolve parallel proceedings between international commercial arbitration and court litigation.The statutes of some states provide the basis for courts and arbitral tribunals to issue anti-suit injunctions,but regardless of the issuer,the issuance of anti-suit injunctions should be strictly restricted.As an interim measure,it is difficult to ensure the extraterritoriality of the anti-suit injunction.International conventions have not yet clearly stipulated this issue,and the municipal laws tend to refuse to recognize foreign anti-suit injunctions.China's judicial authority shall refuse to serve,refuse to recognize and enforce the anti-suit injunctions which have no reasonable basis.China needs to construct an anti-suit injunction system,set strict conditions for issuance,supplemented with safeguards such as fines,damages,refusal to recognize and enforce foreign judgments when the anti-suit injunction is disobeyed,and take the initiative in safeguarding the jurisdiction of arbitral institutions under the framework of international rules.