血小板参与肿瘤转移作用机制的研究进展

Progress on the mechanism of platelet involvement in tumour metastasis

肿瘤转移是肿瘤患者死亡的主要原因。血小板是骨髓成熟的巨核细胞胞浆脱落下来的无核细胞碎片, 主要参与凝血和维持血管壁完整。近年研究表明, 血小板通过分泌含有一系列免疫调节和抗菌分子的颗粒参与宿主免疫反应, 并在肿瘤转移中起重要作用。在肿瘤中, 血小板与肿瘤细胞的相互接触促进了血小板的激活和聚集。活化的血小板释放大量活性生物分子, 通过多种方式协助肿瘤细胞免疫逃逸, 并推动肿瘤细胞的迁移、停滞和外渗。同时血小板通过诱导肿瘤上皮-间质转化、新生血管生成、转移生态位形成等机制加速肿瘤细胞的转移。该文对血小板在肿瘤转移作用中的机制研究进展进行综述, 为提高肿瘤患者的有效生存期提供新的治疗思路。

Tumour metastasis is the primary cause of mortality in patients with tumours.Platelets are fragments of anucleated cells shed from the cytoplasm of mature megakaryocytes of the bone marrow,and involved in coagulation and the maintenance of vascular wall integrity.Recent studies have demonstrated that platelets participate in the host immune response by secreting granules containing a range of immunomodulatory and antimicrobial molecules,which are critical for tumour metastasis.In tumours,contact between platelets and tumour cells promotes platelet activation and aggregation.Activated platelets release a large number of reactive biomolecules that assist tumour cells in immune escape,migration,stationary adhesion and extravasation.Meanwhile,platelets accelerate tumour cell metastasis by inducing tumour epithelial mesenchymal transition,neoangiogenesis,metastatic ecological niche formation and other mechanisms.This article presents a review of the current state of research on the role of platelets in tumour metastasis,and offers insights into potential therapeutic avenues to enhance the survival of tumour patients.