数字化视域下幼儿教师评价素养:发展判断与优化路向

Preschool Teachers'Evaluation Literacy in Digital Perspective:Development Judgment and Optimization Direction

幼儿教师的评价素养水平直接影响着学前教育的数字化变革和高质量发展。本研究以知识、能力、意识的三维结构为理论基础,对幼儿教师评价素养的内涵进行解构,并发现其在数字化视域下的新样态:形成关注幼儿个体生命成长的发展性评价意识;涵育由经验主义转向循证决策的科学评价知识;造就由单一扁平转向全景共融的对话式评价能力;养成从单一主体评价转向多元共评的积极评价情感。其发展桎梏表现在三个方面:路径依赖下的制度供给落后,工具依赖下的评价能力式微,数据依赖下的儿童权利消散。其优化路向可从四个方面展开:以保障体系促进幼儿教师评价素养体系与标准的完善;多级主体联动,共同引领幼儿教师评价知识的更新迭代;以全要素与数字伦理共促幼儿教师评价能力的多层进阶;以技术理性与专业自觉促进幼儿教师评价意识的内生。

The level of evaluation quality of preschool teachers directly affects the digital reform and highquality development of preschool education.Based on the three-dimensional structure of knowledge,ability and consciousness,this study deconstructs the connotation of preschool teachers'evaluation accomplishment.The new form of it under the digital perspective is discovered,namely,forming a developmental evaluation consciousness that focuses on the growth of individual children's lives;cultivating scientific evaluation knowledge that shifts from empiricism to evidence-based decision-making;creating a dialogical evaluation ability that shifts from single flatness to panoramic integration;and cultivating a positive evaluation emotion that shifts from single-subject evaluation to multi-evaluation.Its development constraints are manifested in three aspects:backward institutional supply under path dependence,declining evaluation ability under tool dependence,and eroding child rights under data dependence.Its optimization direction can be carried out from four aspects:using the guarantee system to promote the improvement of the evaluation literacy system and standards of kindergarten teachers;multi-level subject linkage to jointly lead the updating and iteration of kindergarten teachers'evaluation knowledge;promoting the multi-level advancement of kindergarten teachers'evaluation literacy with all factors and digital ethics;and promoting the endogenous evaluation consciousness of kindergarten teachers with technical rationality and professional consciousness.