胸主动脉腔内隔绝术在破裂性胸降主动脉瘤治疗中的应用

Application of thoracic endovascular aortic repair in the treatment of ruptured descending thoracic aortic aneurysms

目的 评价破裂性胸降主动脉瘤腔内治疗的效果,并总结治疗经验。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2023年6月张家界市人民医院血管介入外科收治的8例破裂性胸降主动脉瘤患者的临床资料。其中男性4例,女性4例,中位年龄70.5岁(61~78岁)。8例术前均行主动脉CTA检查明确胸降主动脉瘤且存在胸腔或(和)纵隔血肿,均急诊行胸主动脉腔内隔绝术。结果 6例患者胸降主动脉瘤隔绝彻底,其中2例患者采用烟囱支架技术重建左锁骨下动脉。另外2例患者存在少量Ⅰa型内漏,在近端植入CUFF支架后内漏消失。住院期间1例患者发生食管主动脉瘘导致脓毒性休克死亡,3例患者术后出现呼吸衰竭,行胸腔穿刺引流、抗感染、呼吸机辅助呼吸治疗后恢复。2例患者术后出现缺血性脑卒中,1例表现为患侧肢体肌力3级伴语言障碍,1例表现为患侧肢体肌力4级伴语言障碍。随访期间1例术后7个月再次突发胸痛死亡,1例未植入烟囱支架的患者于术后18个月出现Ⅰa型内漏,近端植入CUFF支架后内漏消失。其余5例病例随访期间情况良好。结论 破裂性胸降主动脉瘤行腔内治疗安全、有效。

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of endovascular treatment for ruptured descending thoracic aortic aneurysm(rDTAA),and to summarize the treatment experience.Methods The clinical data of 8 patients with rDTAA,who were admitted to the Department of Vascular Interventional Surgery,Zhangjiajie Municipal People's Hospital of China to receive treatment between January 2016 and June 2023,were retrospectively analyzed.The patients included 4 males and 4 females,with a median age of 70.5 years(61-78 years).Preoperative computed tomography angiography(CTA)was performed in all the 8 patients,and the diagnosis of rDTAA complicated by hematoma in the thoracic cavity and/or mediastinum was confirmed.Emergency thoracic endovascular aortic repair(TEVAR)was carried out in all the 8 patients.Results Complete isolation of the thoracic descending aortic aneurysm was achieved in 6 patients,and 2 of them received reconstruction of left subclavian artery by using chimney stent technique.The remaining two patients had a small amount of type Ia endoleak,which disappeared after implantation of a cuff stent at the proximal site.During hospitalization,one patient died of septic shock caused by thoracic aortic-esophageal fistula,and 3 patients developed respiratory failure after operation,which was recovered after thoracic drainage,anti-infection medication and ventilator-assisted breathing therapy.Two patients developed postoperative ischemic stroke,one of them presented as gradeⅢmotor muscle weakness on the affected side accompanied by speech impairment,and the another patient presented as gradeⅣmotor muscle weakness on the affected side accompanied by speech impairment.During the follow-up period,one patient died of sudden chest pain 7 months after surgery,and another patient who had not received chimney stent implantation developed type Ia endoleak 18 months after operation,which disappeared after implantation of a cuff stent at the proximal site.The remaining 5 patients showed good clinical condition during the follow-up period.Conclusion For the treatment of rDTAA,TEVAR is clinically safe and effective.