基于主成分和聚类分析的不同产地花椒脂肪酸组成的研究

Study on Composition of Fatty Acids in Zanthoxylum bungeanum from Different Places of Origin Based on Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis

为探讨不同产地花椒的脂肪酸组成差异性,选取22个不同产地的花椒为原料,采用索氏抽提法提取脂肪,氢氧化钾甲醇法进行甲酯化,气相色谱测定其脂肪酸组成,并利用主成分分析和聚类分析对其进行综合评价。结果表明,花椒中主要含有12种脂肪酸,分别是肉豆蔻酸、肉豆蔻油酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、十七碳酸、十七碳一烯酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生酸、γ-亚麻酸、α-亚麻酸。以不饱和脂肪酸为主,其中油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈油酸所占比例较高。饱和脂肪酸主要以棕榈酸和硬脂酸为主。结合22个花椒样品的脂肪酸含量、主成分分析和聚类分析结果发现,依据不同省份花椒的脂肪酸组成差异性,能够进行产地的划分,但不能区分陕西韩城和陕西其他产地的脂肪酸组成差异性。该研究为花椒的产地区分和质量等级评价积累了数据,为制定花椒和花椒油的相关标准提供了技术保障。

In order to investigate the difference of the composition of fatty acids in Zanthoxylum bungeanum from different places of origin,with Zanthoxylum bungeanum from 22 different places of origin as the raw materials,Soxhlet extraction method is used to extract fat,potassium hydroxide methanol method is used for esterification,gas chromatography is used to determine the composition of fatty acids,and principal component analysis and cluster analysis are used for comprehensive evaluation.The results show that there are mainly 12 kinds of fatty acids in Zanthoxylum bungeanum,which are myristic acid,myristoleic acid,palmitic acid,palmitoleic acid,heptadecanoic acid,cis-10-heptadecenoic acid,stearic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid,arachidic acid,γ-linolenic acid andα-linolenic acid.It is mainly composed of unsaturated fatty acids,with oleic acid,linoleic acid,linolenic acid and palmitoleic acid accounting for higher proportion.Saturated fatty acids are mainly palmitic acid and stearic acid.Combining the fatty acid content,principal component analysis and cluster analysis results of 22 samples of Zanthoxylum bungeanum,it is found that based on the differences of the composition of fatty acids of Zanthoxylum bungeanum from different provinces,it is capable of classifying the places of origin,but the differences of the composition of fatty acids among Hancheng and other places of origin in Shaanxi cannot be distinguished.This study has accumulated data for the differentiation of places of origin and quality level evaluation of Zanthoxylum bungeanum,and provided technical support for the formulation of relevant standards for Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Zanthoxylum bungeanum oil.