规范:解释世界与改造世界的中介

Norms:Mediation between Interpreting and Changing the World

人类的实践活动既受规律的支配,也受规范的调控。在漫长的进化历程中,人类在摸索性、试错性的实践中,从简单到复杂地形成了各种技术规范和社会规范,它们是人类从解释自然界与社会,向改变自然界与社会过渡的桥梁和中介,是否以恰当的技术规范和社会规范为指导改变自然界和社会,是盲目试错的实践和自觉能动的实践的分水岭,也是前者向后者转化的桥梁。运用巫术或宗教的程序性规范以想象的方式、运用技术性规范以改造自然的方式、运用社会性规范以改造社会的方式,是人类从解释世界走向改造世界的三种基本方式。

Practice is not only governed by laws,but also regulated by norms.However,the relationship between norms and practice hasbeen overlooked in discussions of practice and practical materialism,representing a significant oversight that needs addressing.Throughout the long course of evolution,humans have developed various technical and social norms through exploration and trial and error,evolving from simple to complex.These norms serve as bridges and mediators by which humans transition from understanding and interpreting the natural and social world to transforming them.The distinction between blind,trial-and-error practices and conscious,proactive practices hinges on whether appropriate technical and social norms guide the transformation of nature and society.There are three fundamental ways by which humans move from interpreting the world to changing it:imagining,by using procedural norms like witchcraft or religion;nature-transforming,by employing technical norms;and society-changing,by utilizing social norms.