精准扶贫政策对贫困群体主观幸福感的影响研究

Research on the Impact of Targeted Poverty Alleviation Policies on the Subjective Well-Being of Poor Groups

本文基于北京大学中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2010—2020年数据,运用双重差分法,对我国到户、到人的精准扶贫政策对贫困群体主观幸福感的影响效应与机制,进行了系统的量化分析。结果显示,相较于非贫困群体,精准扶贫政策提升了贫困群体的幸福感水平。异质性分析发现,政策对于贫困深度较高、受教育水平较低、青年以及男性贫困群体的幸福感改善作用更明显。机制分析发现,物质生活水平的提高(获得感)、相对剥夺水平的下降(公平感)、经济脆弱性的降低(安全感)以及积极的主观心理状态转变(信心)是精准扶贫政策改善贫困群体幸福感的主要机制。本研究能够为我国新时期扶贫工作的开展提供借鉴。

This paper uses difference-in-differences method based on the 2010—2020 data from the China Family Panel Studies of Peking University to investigate the relationship between the targeted poverty alleviation policy,which reaches out to households and people,and the subjective well-being of the poor groups.The results show that compared with non-poor groups,the targeted poverty alleviation policy“precisely”improves the happiness of poor households.The heterogeneity analysis found that the policy had a more significant effect on the happiness of the deeply poor,the less educated,the young,and the male poor groups.The mechanism analysis found that the increase in material living standard(sense of access),the decrease in relative deprivation(sense of fairness),the decrease in economic vulnerability(sense of security),and the positive subjective psychological state change(confidence)were the main mechanisms to enhance the happiness of poor groups.This study can provide lessons for the development of poverty alleviation in the new era in China.