6061铝合金/碳纤维复合材料板的热冲压制备工艺及其接头性能研究

Research on Hot Stamping Preparation Process and Joint Performance of 6061 Aluminum Alloy/Carbon Fiber Composite Plate

复合材料结构件作为轻量化船舶的重要组成部分,其接头性能的稳定对船舶本身的安全性和运输效益都具有重要意义。采用铝合金和碳纤维增强聚合物复合材料制造船舶夹板、龙骨等结构件,在大幅减重的同时,既增强整体强度又平衡复合材料整体韧性,并具有高的碰撞吸能能力。为了探索采用热冲压工艺对铝合金和碳纤维增强聚合物复合材料进行冲压-黏结的可行性,研究了6061铝合金的不同表面处理工艺、冲压-黏结阶段不同的保压时间、预浸料的不同表面改性处理工艺对铝合金/碳纤维复合材料板的接头性能的影响。剥离实验的结果表明:铝合金经过打磨、打磨+碱洗、打磨+酸洗的6061铝合金/碳纤维复合材料板的接头搭接剪切强度分别为2.50 MPa、4.30 MPa和4.60 MPa,相较于铝合金未处理的接头分别提升了155.1%、338.8%和369.4%;在冲压-黏结阶段,保压时间低于60 s时,接头搭接剪切强度迅速增大至4.90 MPa,保压时间超过60 s后,接头搭接剪切强度急剧下降后又缓慢上升,并维持在3.92~4.34 MPa;预浸料表面喷涂氧化石墨烯的接头搭接剪切强度为5.98 MPa,与预浸料未处理的接头相比提高了30.0%。

Composite structural components play a vital role in the lightweight ships,and the stability of their joint performance is of great significance for the safety and transportation efficiency of the vessel.The application of the aluminum alloy and carbon fiber reinforced polymers(CFRP) composite materials in the manufacture of ship bulkheads,frames,and other structural components not only significantly reduces the weight but also enhances the overall strength,balances the overall toughness of the composite material,and exhibits high impact energy absorption capability.In order to explore the feasibility of stamping-bonding by hot stamping process for aluminum alloy and CFRP,using peeling test,the effects of different surface treatments for 6061 aluminum alloy,different holding time in stamping-bonding stage,and surface modification of prepreg materials on the properties of the aluminum alloy/CFRP composite joints are studied.The results show that the shear strengths of the joint after polishing,polishing and alkali cleaning,and polishing and acid cleaning on the surface of aluminum alloy are 2.50 MPa,4.30 MPa and4.60 MPa,respectively,which are 155.1%,338.8% and 369.4% higher than that of the untreated joint sample.In the stamping-bonding stage,when the holding time is less than 60 s,the joint shear strength increases rapidly to about 4.90 MPa.When the holding time is more than 60 s,the joint's shear strength decreases first,then increases slowly,and at last keeps stable in the range of 3.92 to 4.34 MPa.When the surface of the prepreg is sprayed with Graphene Oxide( GO),the shear strength of the joint is 5.98 MPa,which is 30.0% higher than that of the joint with the prepreg untreated.