我国生猪养殖污染跨区补偿机制分析

Analysis of cross-regional compensation mechanism for pollution caused by pig breeding in China

为了提高养殖主体积极性、实现生猪养殖污染区域协同治理,本研究基于我国(除台湾省和香港、澳门特别行政区外)省级层面2011—2020年的粪便、尿液、化学需氧量、全氮、全磷、铜及锌产生量数据,采用产排污系数法和环境成本法对各地区生猪养殖产生的环境污染进行价值测算,并提出我国生猪养殖污染跨区补偿机制。结果表明:2011—2020年我国(除台湾省和香港、澳门特别行政区外)生猪养殖业污染产生量大,每年平均产生1.99亿t粪便和3.02亿t尿液;各地区之间的污染物产生量存在明显差异,其中四川省、湖南省、河南省的粪便、尿液污染较为严重,且化学需氧量均高于平均水平;湖南省全氮产生量最高,达到39.78万t;全磷产生量最高的地区集中在湖南省、河南省和四川省,四川省、山东省、湖南省、河南省和河北省五省的铜和锌产生量居于高位。基于环境正义理论,使用产排污系数法和环境成本法对补偿金额进行核算,构建了我国生猪养殖污染跨区补偿机制,该补偿机制分为前提条件、实施机制和协调机制,符合我国畜牧业发展的现实逻辑,有利于缓解我国生猪养殖污染在环境治理实践中的矛盾。

To improve the enthusiasm of breeding subjects and realize regional collaborative control of pig farming pollution,based on the data of pig manure,urine,chemical oxygen demand,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,copper and zinc production at the provincial level except Taiwan Province,Hong Kong and Macao adminstrative regions in China from 2010 to 2020,this study used the production and emission coefficient method and the environmental cost method to measure the value of environmental pollution generated by pig farming in each region,and proposed a cross-regional compensation mechanism for pig breeding pollution in China.The results showed that from 2011 to 2020,the national(except Taiwan Province,Hong Kong and Macao adminstrative regions)pig breeding industry produced a large amount of pollution,with an average annual output of 199 million t of manure and 302 million t of urine.There were significant differences in the amount of pollution among different regions.Among them,the pollution of manure and urine in Sichuan Province,Hunan Province and Henan Province was more serious,and the chemical oxygen demand was higher than the average level;the total nitrogen production in Hunan Province was the highest,reaching 397800 t.The regions with the highest total phosphorus production were concentrated in Hunan Province,Henan Province and Sichuan Province,and the production of copper and zinc in Sichuan Province,Shandong Province,Hunan Province,Henan Province and Hebei Province was at a high level.Based on the theory of environmental justice,the compensation amount was calculated the pollution discharge coefficient method and the environmental cost method,and the cross-regional compensation mechanism of pig breeding pollution in China was constructed.The compensation mechanism was divided into prerequisite,implementation mechanism and coordination mechanism,which conforms to the realistic logic of China's animal husbandry development and was conducive to alleviating the contradiction of pig breeding pollution in the practice of environmental governance.